However, I'd think that these state-owned enterprises contrarian , the state-owned enterprises have more than 70% of the share, this figure means that in fact countries hold true to the real estate market, the state called the real estate heat to rise, called the market dead certain death, this is Wang, Ren Zhiqiang, Pan Shiyi even Li Ka-shing not change the fact that they are. In short, the real estate market trends is based on national needs and changes.
this year, Premier Wen Jiabao and several ministers with an unprecedented tone, expressing the need to curb real estate prices determination. It seems to be the real thing, though faced with inflationary pressures, but I want to take action is better than not taking a good, taken as early as the late, than to take a good. Sure enough, when watching the news last night, the state ordered 78 state-owned enterprises to exit the real estate industry news, but also a very startled.
after shock, or would like to thank the three Xindi Wang Beijing state-owned enterprises, not your death, there is no real estate market healthy and rational.
with: Premier Wen's speech focused real estate
2006 calendar year: to continue to address part of the urban real estate investment and housing prices rose too fast too big problem.
need to adjust the housing supply structure, strict control of high-end real estate development, focusing on the development ordinary commercial housing and affordable housing. establish and improve low-rent housing system and the housing rental system. We need to adjust the housing supply structure, strict control of high-end real estate development, focusing on the development of common commercial housing and affordable housing. establish and improve a low-rent housing system and housing rental system. rectifying and standardizing the order of the real estate and construction markets, basically completed the construction field clearing outstanding payments , and promote the healthy development of real estate and construction.
2007 years: the real estate industry for economic development and improving the housing conditions of the people plays a major role, the need to promote sustained and healthy development of the real estate industry.
one from China less people and more economic development conditions and the starting stage, rational planning, scientific construction, moderate consumption, the development of environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land to form a housing construction with Chinese characteristics and consumption patterns.
Second, the real estate industry should focus on the development of commercial housing for ordinary people. The Government should pay special attention to addressing the housing problems of low-income families. increase fiscal and tax policies to support, establish and improve low-rent housing system. improve and standardize the system of affordable housing.
three is the right use of government regulation and market forces to maintain a reasonable scale of real estate investment, optimize the supply structure of commercial housing, strengthen oversight and regulation of prices, curb real estate prices rising too fast to maintain reasonable price levels.
Fourth to improve and standardize the real estate market order and strengthen supervision of the real estate market to punish real estate development, trading, brokerage and other aspects of the law violations. Local governments at all levels of the real estate market regulation and oversight responsibilities. < br> 2008 years: the housing security system and to establish general guidelines
are: (1) adhere to the less people and more from our basic national conditions, to establish a scientific and reasonable housing construction and consumption patterns. to develop conserve energy environmentally friendly housing, increase the supply of small and medium size apartment, guide people. (2) We must play the role of government and the market, major government housing planning and policy formulation, improve appropriate supply of land, intensive use and management, focusing on the development side housing to low-income families. high-income family housing demand mainly through the market. (3) We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain market order and promoting steady and healthy development of the real estate industry. This year to take four measures: a low-rent housing system to improve and speed up construction of low-rent housing and increase supply of housing, strengthening the construction of affordable housing and management, and actively solve the housing difficulties of urban low-income people. This year the central housing for low-cost system construction funds 6.8 billion, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year; and local governments will increase investment in this area. Meanwhile, we should actively improve the living conditions of migrant workers. Second, we increase the low-cost, small and medium size apartment supply , the establishment of multi-channel investment and financing mechanism, through a variety of ways to help middle-income families solve housing problems. rationalize the structure of urban land supply and increase small and medium size of land for housing. Third, we integrated the use of tax, credit, land and other means to improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase the effective supply of housing, curb irrational demand, to prevent prices rising too fast. Fourth, strengthen market supervision, strict market access and exit the real estate business conditions. to investigate and punish hoarding of idle land, housing and real estate speculation behavior. Meanwhile, to strengthen planning and management of rural housing construction, housing, rural poor effectively solve security problems. we must unswervingly push forward reform and construction of housing, so that the people live and work.
2009 years: to promote the healthy development of the real estate market is stable
Premier Wen in his report: to promote stable and healthy development of the real estate market. take a more active and effective policy measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, stable real estate investment, and promote a smooth and orderly development of the real estate industry.
accelerate implement and improve the construction of affordable housing to promote policies and measures, for three years a city of 7.5 million to resolve the housing difficulties of low-income families and 2.4 million forest, reclamation, mining and other housing problems of squatters.
Central government will increase low-cost housing construction and investment in shantytowns support, an appropriate increase in central and western regions subsidies; to be arranged 43 billion yuan this year, guaranteeing housing for needy families for subsidized low-rent housing construction in kind.
options Some pilot areas where conditions permit, to add some idle funds for the housing fund affordable housing construction. positive development of public rental housing. implement support for residents to purchase and improvement of housing credit, tax and other policies.
meet the requirements of second home buyers, mutatis mutandis, the implementation of the first loan to buy ordinary housing preferential policies; the transfer of part of the housing business tax, the implementation of differentiated according to different years of tax cuts; for ordinary goods and housing consumption supply, increase small and medium size, in the ordinary commercial housing and low-cost credit support.
accelerate the development of second-hand housing market and housing rental market. encourage and guide local conditions around the stability and development of the real estate market, the strengthening of the housing market by type. continued rectify the real estate market, and standardize transactions.
help rural migrant workers to solve their housing problems. expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas. deepening the urban housing system reform to meet the housing needs of residents in multi-level efforts to achieve Home Ownership goal.
next NPC meeting will be closed today, after the conclusion of the meeting, Premier Wen Jiabao will accept questions from reporters. If you have a chance, what would you ask? reporter found that in the hot issue of voting, about Qicheng users would like to ask the Prime Minister housing.
site has a number of well-known research and hot topics is the focus of most attention, in the first place in the rankings. As of 8:00 last night, users of most concern.
after 2008 and 2009, two of the country, the major site also launched the corruption is a major concern users. This year compared to the previous two years, there is a clear difference in anti-corruption issue later this year, far behind the housing.
price control into two sessions, the word is too ambiguous focus of high
regulation of prices and the real estate market has become the focus of CPPCC National Committee members, sponsors more than directed at real estate issues. According to media learned from the relevant ministries for the high prices this runaway horse, including credit, taxation, financing approval , the second round of land and a series of regulatory storm is brewing, two, or as a watershed in the real estate market.
unique in the world face high prices, the relevant ministries are still using the appears to be very rational, but in fact relatively ambiguous. with working-class perspective, the current price is, they should not hesitate to reduce China's goal is to make the work of the majority of citizens are able to afford a house within 10 years.
that China's high housing prices is not too much unique in the world, many people, especially decision-making minds are aware of the leadership sector. netizen this thread said: Two villas. Do not doubt mm This is a fact. pressure so that people are afraid to use the money. people a lot of domestic demand, but too little income, and even hard up enough money to buy a house, where have the money mainstream view is that falling prices will also affect related industries. It is certain, but it is also normal, because the real estate industry a few years ago with loss for both sides Rate how IOUs. level hot. Although the Ministry of Housing and Urban Qi Ji, vice minister has publicly denied the Party proposes the implementation of the second housing reform, reform of the current housing system. China Zhi Gong Party believes that the current housing security system in local government to increase investment in affordable housing are not enthusiastic about the benefit of the narrow entry and exit mechanism is not perfect, the regulatory difficult issues.
industrial party central that high prices and the absence of public housing to middle-income families emptied the previous generation's savings and future income generation, severely reducing their standard of living, consumption of other strong crowding-out effect. control land, control taxes, control profits for the development of public housing is placed in front of the grim subject of the government. The Constitution provides for public services, the nature of the state-owned land, government monopoly of the land must be to improve housing for all residents the basis of housing conditions, in line with most of the people's interests. The appeal of secondary housing reform, since 2009 14 industry experts and scholars have jointly written to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Land Department and after the industrial party in the political life of the country where two again two second housing reform.
industrial party to submit the the basic living conditions. commodity housing system to meet the housing needs of high-income families, the housing needs of middle-income families can not meet. The proposal suggested a second housing reform as soon as possible to establish a third to meet the needs of middle-income families in public housing housing system (including public rental housing system), that quasi-market, affordable housing system.
public housing is a , Jing-building programs, comprehensive scoring high bidder ; deepening the housing system reform leading group Wahaha Group Chairman Zong, led by more than the NPC deputies and CPPCC members will be submitted to the National this year,
Thursday, December 30, 2010
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Dogs, family dog, mad dog and the gentleman villain, mediocre
Recently, with my colleagues sit, talk and personnel issues, reminds me of two wonderful words:
one is modern. Ma Zeng, owner of the employer is like a dog, the best dogs are hunting dogs, both competent and loyal ; good dog is a house dog, but can not do enough loyalty, most times the dog is mad, neither competent nor loyalty; as the boss, the best option is to use a good dog, good dog training at home, hide away from the mad dog.
other is ancient. Sima Guang Song in the \that the mediocre are; rather do with mediocre villain.
two contrast, people may feel emotion.
emotion one dog might be seen as a gentleman, family dog might be seen as mediocre, it mad ? If you manage well, may be a hunting dog, or the family dog; manage well, perhaps to be mad to bite a pass, if they are calculated hh
emotion II Men Do not Cry, dogs Ye Hao, Ye Hao family dog, mad dog too Well, are variable. The world is changing everything, the only change in the same. dog Ye Hao, one worth mentioning, not better is worse, not bad not bad. gentlemanly manners to continue, and probably never a gentleman; Once training interrupted, perhaps not as mediocre it! to see the world so many corrupt officials, which began not an honest man, which is not well-cultivated country house dogs or dogs? result? environment, a change in the conditions of a change, taste, along with a change in taste by the state watchdog, nursing homes held in contempt by all the dog into a mad dog, dogs, lost dog, the underdog!
emotion Third, the relationship between people and dogs can also convert each other. person who not regard themselves as people, maybe one day to become a dog. just some confusion, \
one is modern. Ma Zeng, owner of the employer is like a dog, the best dogs are hunting dogs, both competent and loyal ; good dog is a house dog, but can not do enough loyalty, most times the dog is mad, neither competent nor loyalty; as the boss, the best option is to use a good dog, good dog training at home, hide away from the mad dog.
other is ancient. Sima Guang Song in the \that the mediocre are; rather do with mediocre villain.
two contrast, people may feel emotion.
emotion one dog might be seen as a gentleman, family dog might be seen as mediocre, it mad ? If you manage well, may be a hunting dog, or the family dog; manage well, perhaps to be mad to bite a pass, if they are calculated hh
emotion II Men Do not Cry, dogs Ye Hao, Ye Hao family dog, mad dog too Well, are variable. The world is changing everything, the only change in the same. dog Ye Hao, one worth mentioning, not better is worse, not bad not bad. gentlemanly manners to continue, and probably never a gentleman; Once training interrupted, perhaps not as mediocre it! to see the world so many corrupt officials, which began not an honest man, which is not well-cultivated country house dogs or dogs? result? environment, a change in the conditions of a change, taste, along with a change in taste by the state watchdog, nursing homes held in contempt by all the dog into a mad dog, dogs, lost dog, the underdog!
emotion Third, the relationship between people and dogs can also convert each other. person who not regard themselves as people, maybe one day to become a dog. just some confusion, \
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Joint Publishing mother of contemporary human reading (two reports)
Joint Publishing: 60 Years of Chinese reading
Release Date: 2008/12/11 Time Weekly reporter Li Huaiyu
in China, almost every book lovers will have a shelf of books published by Joint Publishing. Joint Publication The books had become a reader's read index. to this year, triple the official 60 years of age. Joint Publishing full name of life? study? Joint Publishing, 1948, in Hong Kong. predecessor of three to four decades of the 20th century, active in China The three well-known publishing institutions m living book publishing, book publishers, book knowledge. founder of the three bookstores, ringing in the Chinese cultural figures fen, Hu Yuzhi, Li Gongpu, Ai other.
the books and founder of ;. He later told colleagues Joint Publishing, said: , a common language in order to get along, make friends get on. book. Shen Chang Wen said recent years is his holding of a so r, l writer is god r, l ism r the thread of her conversation, and talk to writers and scholars are Yinque, Chen Teng-Yuan, Chen Da, Chang Yin-lin, Chen Daisun, Wenzao these people. I monasteries every day. ;
in Press an arena for scholars to express their feelings, not a personal grudge, but the call was suppressed or distorted conscience, so to speak the truth do not speak Mandarin in a magazine. cult of personality has a l r and l independent freedom of thought r of the garden. use, also on behalf of Feng, the history of gold, Nizi Ming, Ding Cong culture of the elderly and other vicissitudes, it rejuvenated the passion.
The title was originally and Fan, Shen Chang-Wen, Dong Xiuyu successively under three masters, became the banner of China's publishing industry figures.
Ba Jin's After the publication of the book range with a cane to Chen. touched countless readers, br> Shen Chang-wen many rivers and lakes on the rumors: he cooked Pork in the editorial department of hospitality and editor, he was miss, and his secret is no fixed that, from a school of binding, but no one blame the fetters of a grace, which accepts all kinds of great advice stifle intellectuals little easier to harmonious relations. cultural phenomenon and thought Hong Kong and Taiwan. Meanwhile, Shen Chang-wen is the most generous donors: the In 1988 the 40th anniversary of triple, founder of the is the of a group of authors and readers. Hui, editor of the The development trend of diversification of the publishing industry, but also to 60-year-old Joint Publishing raised new issues.
1948 �� 10 months, life, reading, new knowledge into three publishers in Hong Kong life - reading - knowledge triple bookstore.
1949 �� 2 months, triple the total management office was moved to Beijing in two years .1949,1950, Joint Publishing published Marx,), and other 364 kinds of books.
since August 1951, the Joint Publishing into the People's Publishing House, still maintains that or : Keynes's 1600 kinds are investigated and visited the country, opened the forum to mobilize a variety of experts in various fields, br> 1977 years, Chen Yuan in the . Fan with part-time general manager of Joint Publishing, and began to recover triple independent institution brewing problem. the early 80s of last century, the restoration of independence has not yet formed a Joint Publishing essays that were published multi-volume family album (including Xia Yan, Collingwood, Nie Gannu, Liao Mosha, Hu Feng and his Miscellaneous Works), Translation of Europe's new book , dreams recorded, as the center, to ensure the publication of triple culture brand; to triple-channel distribution outlets in the form of construction to ensure smooth triple channel publications, develop their own loyal readers, and in 1996 created the Joint Taofen Book Centre, become Beijing's most influential book of Humanities and Social Sciences; building to ) as the backbone of Periodicals.
Joint Publishing in the academic works as the core of the , , perhaps you can blow a cow between acquaintances: I have done five years of full publication. five years, not fractional, and full enough to blow the. fifty years, one third of the first in the series formally done forty-five years. After five years, has given you What worked, what name, but did not catch the founder of the first year of this magazine scene of the most glorious days, the second most of the time were just a part-time working here, to the last few years, there may be single-minded, to do something bigger way places, but referee's whistle sound time-out up.
friends about my memories of , I feel that magazines should be prepared to take this opportunity to tell the truth.
Thought of the journal
is an important moment in Chinese history. Yan eighties people said the event. In this case how will produce such a magazine, I can show the details, but one thing is certain, that is, the ideological climate at the time, some gone through many vicissitudes of the elderly want to re-run over from one of their founder the ideal of the magazine. I will in the the idea of books as the center to a comprehensive review magazine, has been the winter of 1948, ceased publication due to the worsening political environment. looked back, the magazine that r l darkest hour before dawn, since our unexpected role. , is that the implementation of it. One day, listening to a public opinion leaders in the muttering: a publishing house, how do come from the Thought of the magazine, that does not have the have felt, knowing what he was doing.
look back at the organization was founded, it shall also have as generous. Published on behalf of those living SDX Joint Publishing (then not an independent body, only one name only). Indeed, the years, the publishing industry a group of heroes together a great hero.
I am not a firm Marxist, nor is it something else strong advocates. when I from time to time because he had kept the What the done, but to my say, how would not have this capability of running out of energy and a veteran, listing a large number of the list, elaborate too complicated. here only start with two a publishing ; name, especially the reference to Peter said the same things I often say, is: do you I nodded, I shook my head Do not you dry. In every clarify the situation, he immediately yes or no, do not delay the decision rarely. But this is not to say he did not democratic style of work. kinds of hands-on style, personally for newspapers to write editorials. He wrote this article, talk to me more than once, informed advice. then write a first draft, let me put forward their views. I was the first issue of the thing I read in title I recite from time to time learning this article, I deeply feel that the gap is too large compared with their predecessors. ten years, I have to attitude!
Chen Han Bo-old man told me the other with the words, which I will always remember.
some, I was After looking to find me, and solemnly said to me: Shen Chang-wen, since you can never write anything in this tone: that readers Lessons readers have no right to listen to this many times before, never played the old concept. to the how it should be. Mr. Chen Yuan. I am more familiar with this company .1954 years, I have proof in the People's Publishing House when, suddenly was assigned to the chief editor's office to the editor have a secretary. At that time Mr. Chen Yuan is a member of the leadership, I sat opposite him. case by three years, influenced by his day. can be said that the publication of a few years of my life can gain the most in the apprenticeship section, I call it my argument, Mr. Chen is certainly my . but never compromise on key issues. I remember a famous poet and translator, wrote a sense of when the old poetry in the accompanied by a text, critics say that these poems against the Party and socialism and so on. This article made no hair? should be allowed to express different views, but does not allow the big stick. this event, we, the younger and more clearer.
Here, also need special mention as the old Communist one of the two CC teachings, this is more of my editing career, on the whole a significant role. We all know that a magazine was always to be ordered to potential transfer, people can also be based at the time your article with you afterwards. I am bad temper : any temporary measures are these documents governing. You think you do after school large joints good, not contradict the spirit of the above documents, we do not have to panic. If the two old keeps me eat this ;, I did not know what will go wrong on the way to go to the seven-year-old today can not be so leisurely recollection of events was.
, to do good things. We think that where articles can be written, organized a few friends to write articles , refers to not dare to send.
red case law, and soon there is retribution. one after another major event in the community out to the media to review the past. I ordered the magazine of the dialogue with the above. I brought up as a secretary, the dialogue with the above The way out is also good, in short, is not disobedience. mostly luck, actually still have time to review the past. Every time a meeting with me after the Commercial Press, a leader said to me, can not think of you so good luck , whenever you want to discuss things, there is always another event to the attention of the above went to diverge.
, but things can not rely on luck. after the country? to consult the affairs of the Friends. one official on the Enlightenment from an old friend said to me: Your question is very clear, already in hot fire quickly went to Minato. We are not news magazine (then the truth was not so much news magazine), do this why?
play after this, determined to avoid the hot spots. first of all have confidence, What is the current situation of reform and opening up a big, large ones do more, why arrested at one point two points. many of the problems seem very cold, you can go to their hot, hot to the time when we all come to attention, back off. I remember a The year instructions down, we have empty-handed, with everyone obeyed with joy to act out. I heard a few peers, who were due to this point no publicize their clever wit. In fact, in the end to say, even well-behaved, what is not essential to act. years as from is the work of the old revolutionary elders, said three to four years he served as Shanghai's Communist Party leadership what what, until arrested by the Eritrean public and .1957 of this, the situation is very dramatic. when he has opinions on things branch , written posters made, which in turn Tiaofenlvxi, getting more and more interesting, to His arguments, not the interface, but secretly surprised that he's stubborn.
cadre school, I with the history of old and ranked in a class of labor, at the time under extremely difficult conditions of life, he is also a famous used to it. In addition, the public and stern. light readings seem to read this old stubborn, hard to find intimate with each other to start. I may barely count one. I'm not into headline article, restricted to the title of this article is Second, for the case. I admire him, but had to politely persuaded, attempted to correct him. to the helpless, he angrily throwing away draft, said: will jump of the self.
to 1984, an accident. Then came what social events, the history of what the old man said to have written the letter to the above, of course, is given to the content. later suffered a batch of rumors . All of these, I do not know the details, because seniority is too low, they need not hear. One day afternoon, I find the history of the old chat, agitation, said many of the personal views of current events that are often incoherently, the word Italy not very coherent, if I had not been in advance some habits, , the history of the old house call, said the elderly stroke that night, the morning has been sent to the hospital. I rushed to the hospital, has been unconscious. not long passed away a!
inconvenience to have to do direct expression of the poet and the do not institutionalized. at first also join in the fun to do some Each of these meetings seemed to go in to do underground. such as do a? is helpless, the one day see the TV factory engaged in Readers information, seek advice on his mind. There are some regulars will come every month, for example, Mr. Wang Meng, and more particularly useful to us. We emphasize that no such meeting theme, informal, and sometimes to tell who is. occasionally opened twelve sub-theme of the forum there, then I thought, if this loose end in the form of not more productive. because it is Sometimes there are foreigners arrived and we have only to purchase things such as their customers, the same reception, no heart leaving out the check, said by his full pay today, they also feel that s disrespectful, by the worthy. remember the man, Mr. Mou Qizhong, when its not the worst of fortune, and not, that is often held such a ho.
Service Day by social forces, Yan Ke Zhen this. Fortunately, the actual editorial work inside people, including me, are faction were binding, but no one blame the fetters of a grace, which accepts all kinds of great advice stifle intellectuals little easier to harmonious relations. I will always say that we in this way can be called approach is the same great variety of authors and readers share thoughts and feelings, the purpose is to learn from them the knowledge resources. And all these, put it more bluntly, in fact, a kind of knowledge resources, or the are willing only.
thoughtful and readable
> engage in ideological and comments, had to resort to learning at home. because of academic background, Thought of the square of depth. sometimes limited to the language environment, not to be concerned much more academic. But talk about specific academic, an inevitable question is: new, strange, strange. This year the various Mr. Liu Xinwu words mouth, indicating the importance insight on this issue.
but this to contradiction again. short, it is a lot of people think that new, strange, strange article to read. A Feng Wu was the most interest in response to the elderly. He cited a Western style. He specializes in foreign language course, but also fully aware of the mechanism that word, but just not used to old school way of thinking of people thought too old to be adopted , listen to my own, said the old man at the Shuxiang Xinzhe me the most. He said: school high, deep-seeking, it will tend to be obscure. cultivation of the general reader r). to adhere to two principles: (1) not to feeder as jade, but not when the fish eye beads; (2) does not take billions of people a common language for fun. otherwise you will go l colleagues in the path of r publication. colleagues have publications, one of the words thing. but not a substitute for the general reader for the l r services are also available. The status of there are these many general consensus: the need to encourage a new view, but also to explore new view, but regardless of the new see old acquaintances, whether the focus is first and foremost to promote the modernization of China in terms of ideology, not the other side. Second, the scholarly journal, the article read or not, is its lifeline. It is a senior intellectual leisure publications should be available for them to In this fashion one after another, better see the divergent age, perhaps we should amend the wording Perhaps may be necessary!
moral support from many
into and care for my generation but not the side. This is clearly not comprehensive enough.
a Thought of the magazine can persist for twenty years, above the tolerance is difficult not to. here cite one or two things.
I remember , 1983, the society some major event, where a discussion of what, people of high standing that Review Popular political theory reading comments about the General Assembly on incentives ...
Release Date: 2008/12/11 Time Weekly reporter Li Huaiyu
in China, almost every book lovers will have a shelf of books published by Joint Publishing. Joint Publication The books had become a reader's read index. to this year, triple the official 60 years of age. Joint Publishing full name of life? study? Joint Publishing, 1948, in Hong Kong. predecessor of three to four decades of the 20th century, active in China The three well-known publishing institutions m living book publishing, book publishers, book knowledge. founder of the three bookstores, ringing in the Chinese cultural figures fen, Hu Yuzhi, Li Gongpu, Ai other.
the books and founder of ;. He later told colleagues Joint Publishing, said: , a common language in order to get along, make friends get on. book. Shen Chang Wen said recent years is his holding of a so r, l writer is god r, l ism r the thread of her conversation, and talk to writers and scholars are Yinque, Chen Teng-Yuan, Chen Da, Chang Yin-lin, Chen Daisun, Wenzao these people. I monasteries every day. ;
in Press an arena for scholars to express their feelings, not a personal grudge, but the call was suppressed or distorted conscience, so to speak the truth do not speak Mandarin in a magazine. cult of personality has a l r and l independent freedom of thought r of the garden. use, also on behalf of Feng, the history of gold, Nizi Ming, Ding Cong culture of the elderly and other vicissitudes, it rejuvenated the passion.
The title was originally and Fan, Shen Chang-Wen, Dong Xiuyu successively under three masters, became the banner of China's publishing industry figures.
Ba Jin's After the publication of the book range with a cane to Chen. touched countless readers, br> Shen Chang-wen many rivers and lakes on the rumors: he cooked Pork in the editorial department of hospitality and editor, he was miss, and his secret is no fixed that, from a school of binding, but no one blame the fetters of a grace, which accepts all kinds of great advice stifle intellectuals little easier to harmonious relations. cultural phenomenon and thought Hong Kong and Taiwan. Meanwhile, Shen Chang-wen is the most generous donors: the In 1988 the 40th anniversary of triple, founder of the is the of a group of authors and readers. Hui, editor of the The development trend of diversification of the publishing industry, but also to 60-year-old Joint Publishing raised new issues.
1948 �� 10 months, life, reading, new knowledge into three publishers in Hong Kong life - reading - knowledge triple bookstore.
1949 �� 2 months, triple the total management office was moved to Beijing in two years .1949,1950, Joint Publishing published Marx,), and other 364 kinds of books.
since August 1951, the Joint Publishing into the People's Publishing House, still maintains that or : Keynes's 1600 kinds are investigated and visited the country, opened the forum to mobilize a variety of experts in various fields, br> 1977 years, Chen Yuan in the . Fan with part-time general manager of Joint Publishing, and began to recover triple independent institution brewing problem. the early 80s of last century, the restoration of independence has not yet formed a Joint Publishing essays that were published multi-volume family album (including Xia Yan, Collingwood, Nie Gannu, Liao Mosha, Hu Feng and his Miscellaneous Works), Translation of Europe's new book , dreams recorded, as the center, to ensure the publication of triple culture brand; to triple-channel distribution outlets in the form of construction to ensure smooth triple channel publications, develop their own loyal readers, and in 1996 created the Joint Taofen Book Centre, become Beijing's most influential book of Humanities and Social Sciences; building to ) as the backbone of Periodicals.
Joint Publishing in the academic works as the core of the , , perhaps you can blow a cow between acquaintances: I have done five years of full publication. five years, not fractional, and full enough to blow the. fifty years, one third of the first in the series formally done forty-five years. After five years, has given you What worked, what name, but did not catch the founder of the first year of this magazine scene of the most glorious days, the second most of the time were just a part-time working here, to the last few years, there may be single-minded, to do something bigger way places, but referee's whistle sound time-out up.
friends about my memories of , I feel that magazines should be prepared to take this opportunity to tell the truth.
Thought of the journal
is an important moment in Chinese history. Yan eighties people said the event. In this case how will produce such a magazine, I can show the details, but one thing is certain, that is, the ideological climate at the time, some gone through many vicissitudes of the elderly want to re-run over from one of their founder the ideal of the magazine. I will in the the idea of books as the center to a comprehensive review magazine, has been the winter of 1948, ceased publication due to the worsening political environment. looked back, the magazine that r l darkest hour before dawn, since our unexpected role. , is that the implementation of it. One day, listening to a public opinion leaders in the muttering: a publishing house, how do come from the Thought of the magazine, that does not have the have felt, knowing what he was doing.
look back at the organization was founded, it shall also have as generous. Published on behalf of those living SDX Joint Publishing (then not an independent body, only one name only). Indeed, the years, the publishing industry a group of heroes together a great hero.
I am not a firm Marxist, nor is it something else strong advocates. when I from time to time because he had kept the What the done, but to my say, how would not have this capability of running out of energy and a veteran, listing a large number of the list, elaborate too complicated. here only start with two a publishing ; name, especially the reference to Peter said the same things I often say, is: do you I nodded, I shook my head Do not you dry. In every clarify the situation, he immediately yes or no, do not delay the decision rarely. But this is not to say he did not democratic style of work. kinds of hands-on style, personally for newspapers to write editorials. He wrote this article, talk to me more than once, informed advice. then write a first draft, let me put forward their views. I was the first issue of the thing I read in title I recite from time to time learning this article, I deeply feel that the gap is too large compared with their predecessors. ten years, I have to attitude!
Chen Han Bo-old man told me the other with the words, which I will always remember.
some, I was After looking to find me, and solemnly said to me: Shen Chang-wen, since you can never write anything in this tone: that readers Lessons readers have no right to listen to this many times before, never played the old concept. to the how it should be. Mr. Chen Yuan. I am more familiar with this company .1954 years, I have proof in the People's Publishing House when, suddenly was assigned to the chief editor's office to the editor have a secretary. At that time Mr. Chen Yuan is a member of the leadership, I sat opposite him. case by three years, influenced by his day. can be said that the publication of a few years of my life can gain the most in the apprenticeship section, I call it my argument, Mr. Chen is certainly my . but never compromise on key issues. I remember a famous poet and translator, wrote a sense of when the old poetry in the accompanied by a text, critics say that these poems against the Party and socialism and so on. This article made no hair? should be allowed to express different views, but does not allow the big stick. this event, we, the younger and more clearer.
Here, also need special mention as the old Communist one of the two CC teachings, this is more of my editing career, on the whole a significant role. We all know that a magazine was always to be ordered to potential transfer, people can also be based at the time your article with you afterwards. I am bad temper : any temporary measures are these documents governing. You think you do after school large joints good, not contradict the spirit of the above documents, we do not have to panic. If the two old keeps me eat this ;, I did not know what will go wrong on the way to go to the seven-year-old today can not be so leisurely recollection of events was.
, to do good things. We think that where articles can be written, organized a few friends to write articles , refers to not dare to send.
red case law, and soon there is retribution. one after another major event in the community out to the media to review the past. I ordered the magazine of the dialogue with the above. I brought up as a secretary, the dialogue with the above The way out is also good, in short, is not disobedience. mostly luck, actually still have time to review the past. Every time a meeting with me after the Commercial Press, a leader said to me, can not think of you so good luck , whenever you want to discuss things, there is always another event to the attention of the above went to diverge.
, but things can not rely on luck. after the country? to consult the affairs of the Friends. one official on the Enlightenment from an old friend said to me: Your question is very clear, already in hot fire quickly went to Minato. We are not news magazine (then the truth was not so much news magazine), do this why?
play after this, determined to avoid the hot spots. first of all have confidence, What is the current situation of reform and opening up a big, large ones do more, why arrested at one point two points. many of the problems seem very cold, you can go to their hot, hot to the time when we all come to attention, back off. I remember a The year instructions down, we have empty-handed, with everyone obeyed with joy to act out. I heard a few peers, who were due to this point no publicize their clever wit. In fact, in the end to say, even well-behaved, what is not essential to act. years as from is the work of the old revolutionary elders, said three to four years he served as Shanghai's Communist Party leadership what what, until arrested by the Eritrean public and .1957 of this, the situation is very dramatic. when he has opinions on things branch , written posters made, which in turn Tiaofenlvxi, getting more and more interesting, to His arguments, not the interface, but secretly surprised that he's stubborn.
cadre school, I with the history of old and ranked in a class of labor, at the time under extremely difficult conditions of life, he is also a famous used to it. In addition, the public and stern. light readings seem to read this old stubborn, hard to find intimate with each other to start. I may barely count one. I'm not into headline article, restricted to the title of this article is Second, for the case. I admire him, but had to politely persuaded, attempted to correct him. to the helpless, he angrily throwing away draft, said: will jump of the self.
to 1984, an accident. Then came what social events, the history of what the old man said to have written the letter to the above, of course, is given to the content. later suffered a batch of rumors . All of these, I do not know the details, because seniority is too low, they need not hear. One day afternoon, I find the history of the old chat, agitation, said many of the personal views of current events that are often incoherently, the word Italy not very coherent, if I had not been in advance some habits, , the history of the old house call, said the elderly stroke that night, the morning has been sent to the hospital. I rushed to the hospital, has been unconscious. not long passed away a!
inconvenience to have to do direct expression of the poet and the do not institutionalized. at first also join in the fun to do some Each of these meetings seemed to go in to do underground. such as do a? is helpless, the one day see the TV factory engaged in Readers information, seek advice on his mind. There are some regulars will come every month, for example, Mr. Wang Meng, and more particularly useful to us. We emphasize that no such meeting theme, informal, and sometimes to tell who is. occasionally opened twelve sub-theme of the forum there, then I thought, if this loose end in the form of not more productive. because it is Sometimes there are foreigners arrived and we have only to purchase things such as their customers, the same reception, no heart leaving out the check, said by his full pay today, they also feel that s disrespectful, by the worthy. remember the man, Mr. Mou Qizhong, when its not the worst of fortune, and not, that is often held such a ho.
Service Day by social forces, Yan Ke Zhen this. Fortunately, the actual editorial work inside people, including me, are faction were binding, but no one blame the fetters of a grace, which accepts all kinds of great advice stifle intellectuals little easier to harmonious relations. I will always say that we in this way can be called approach is the same great variety of authors and readers share thoughts and feelings, the purpose is to learn from them the knowledge resources. And all these, put it more bluntly, in fact, a kind of knowledge resources, or the are willing only.
thoughtful and readable
> engage in ideological and comments, had to resort to learning at home. because of academic background, Thought of the square of depth. sometimes limited to the language environment, not to be concerned much more academic. But talk about specific academic, an inevitable question is: new, strange, strange. This year the various Mr. Liu Xinwu words mouth, indicating the importance insight on this issue.
but this to contradiction again. short, it is a lot of people think that new, strange, strange article to read. A Feng Wu was the most interest in response to the elderly. He cited a Western style. He specializes in foreign language course, but also fully aware of the mechanism that word, but just not used to old school way of thinking of people thought too old to be adopted , listen to my own, said the old man at the Shuxiang Xinzhe me the most. He said: school high, deep-seeking, it will tend to be obscure. cultivation of the general reader r). to adhere to two principles: (1) not to feeder as jade, but not when the fish eye beads; (2) does not take billions of people a common language for fun. otherwise you will go l colleagues in the path of r publication. colleagues have publications, one of the words thing. but not a substitute for the general reader for the l r services are also available. The status of there are these many general consensus: the need to encourage a new view, but also to explore new view, but regardless of the new see old acquaintances, whether the focus is first and foremost to promote the modernization of China in terms of ideology, not the other side. Second, the scholarly journal, the article read or not, is its lifeline. It is a senior intellectual leisure publications should be available for them to In this fashion one after another, better see the divergent age, perhaps we should amend the wording Perhaps may be necessary!
moral support from many
into and care for my generation but not the side. This is clearly not comprehensive enough.
a Thought of the magazine can persist for twenty years, above the tolerance is difficult not to. here cite one or two things.
I remember , 1983, the society some major event, where a discussion of what, people of high standing that Review Popular political theory reading comments about the General Assembly on incentives ...
Monday, December 27, 2010
Yangshuo Climbing Event 2004
Farmers have not been resolved peaks, while the climbers developed using the contradiction between the two lines, for the past Yangshuo climbing activities have occurred in some of the problems, we hurt. this contradiction, just to say, not of any party unilateral problems, must be reasonable solution to this contradiction, to make rock climbing in Yangshuo healthy, stable development. We thought for a long time, do the following this. merits and demerits, the fact that the future will prove.
Yangshuo we contracted transport facilities, suitable for beginners to climb all the peaks, including: Golden Cat Cave, bottle mountain peak and copper door thumb mountain, the contracting is the real contract, we pay a one-time-related village or economic cooperatives, and had the full right to use these peaks. Since then:
1, any more than free climbers climb mountains in the process, absolutely no longer be any interference!
2, we assume responsibility for maintenance of lines.
3, we support the opening line of large-scale behavior.
4, we also prohibit the peaks above, without our permission for any commercial rock climbing!
specific implementation approach as follows:
1, any rock climbing or rock climbing peaks in the above practitioner institutions to engage in rock climbing, go to the second floor in the building industry in West discreet Red Cliff climbing bars for registration, and handle the relevant procedures, to receive Permit sharing the spirit;
3, individuals or institutions and organizations in the commercial rock climbing activities in the process of registration, required to pay certain costs of use and management of mountain, before climbing in these mountains for commercial activities. The main use of management costs used to cover the cost of the peaks and line maintenance contract expenses, the excess part of the climbing for the development of new venues and routes.
4, we will send someone to regularly check and maintain climbing routes; the other line if any climbers found problems, please contact it directly to the Red Cliff climbing our staff, we will schedule in the first line maintenance staff to solve the problem.
5, open line of rock climbing in Yangshuo in the open lane provided can enjoy the Red Cliff a full set of free room and board, all related to rock climbing equipment, equipment and personnel supporting open line.
We also accept any form of financial contributions include: coupon, and the pegs, which are conducive to large-scale open line of rock climbing in Yangshuo supplies.
We sincerely hope that through the joint efforts of all rock climbing enthusiasts, development and standardization of rock climbing in Yangshuo, Yangshuo become so real and pure sense of the sacred rock climbing.
Sunshine ~ Cliff Rock Climbing Club
2004 ��April 29
> Hello! climbing in Yangshuo we represent and the people look to you for coming here welcome! and wish you Yangshuo, in climbing to enjoy endless fun! we all know, has been in rock climbing in Yangshuo chaotic state, also have occurred in this or that problem, so, in order to better enjoy the climbing you can bring the physical and mental pleasure, hope you can go to Yangshuo West Street is located on the second floor of the Red Cliff House, discreet industry climbing bars, for the relevant registration procedures, and receive a climbing permit. you can enjoy climbing mountains in the following fun: golden cat hole, bottle Hills, Thumb Peak, bronze doors Hill.
free if you are a climber, that is: your climbing behavior the nature of any business, then this registration process is completely free of charge;
commercial rock climbing if you are the leader, must pay a management fee, please ask the bar to the Red Cliff rock climbing.
If you are open line who, in the opening line during which you can enjoy a full set of Red Cliff to provide free room and board, all related to rock climbing equipment, equipment and personnel supporting open line.
In addition, the registration process, you can consult the staff of Red Cliff rock field and line, we provide free information service rock climbing.
of the above in order to avoid to bring you more trouble, which caused little trouble to you, we apologize!
wish you climbing happy!
Sunshine ~ Cliff Rock Climbing Club
2004 �� 4 �� 29 ��
mh Published Date :2004-04-30 10:31:31
climbers can listen to the views if the continuous improvement of the policy to let everyone think you fair, and that we will actively support you. in the implementation process to the management of your conscious as was standard, and transparent will reduce your own future trouble in operation.
if you can continue to develop your approach to the opening of the country has significant climbing areas.
Published in June next year :2004-04-30 14:46:20
paste the landlord looked after, and I'm excited to, but I ask what was missing.
mira_l in the phrase. Red Cliff This safeguarding the interests of the majority of free climbers, but if not from the legitimacy to deal with this matter, going to protect the interests of Red Cliff.
-30 13:57:28
such an approach can indeed solve the rock and the relationship between local villagers, free climbers on the provision of voluntary service is free and pleasant move.
in terms of an open letter to the editor All provisions not only reasonable but also very beneficial to the development of rock climbing in Yangshuo. serious support!
but the problem could be: as a club, not only the promotion of local institutions, and can not be climbing the local unit in charge of Therefore, registration is requested, or provide free room and board, etc., is the club's internal regulations of a subjective unit of the public or local rules and regulations, compliance and regulatory requirements to reflect, is this a legitimate basis?
to the present situation: I contracted, I charge, it should be a legal basis, if so, then of course set up.
but other free, registration, various other commitments, it may be reasonable and not necessarily within the legal provisions, if such has been and has been climbing toward the benefit and development is of course the perspective is a good thing, but unfortunately one day happen if the operator or other changes, some things may be difficult to speak clearly.
If this open letter by the head of the local rock climbing Units issued, the climber climbing unit in charge need to be registered, the legal nature of it may be a little more. hope this is not worrying me.
like to speak now in the jar first, I have to register cell phone numbers, what legal basis? While the user reads the groom will be kept confidential but if one day he will sell my information, I turn to?
so reasonable and do not necessarily valid for these things, I still have reservations, whether now appears to be very good or very bad, we need to seriously think about the introduction of the.
> a suggestion: since the rule-making process, should establish the mechanism of interaction between managers and climbers. This is conducive to public confidence in establishing a good basis for comparison.
discuss! field of discussion, is not too happy, rock climbing paradise of Yangshuo, China, the future of this deep concern, but also concerns about China's development of rock climbing. During a Red Cliff man has filed a letter to the major forum for the open letter to the climber, so everyone read an open letter to this high-sounding. do not look good, after reading everyone feeling ran high, and very indignant. In particular, we see that some climbers are blinded by the truth in the case of thread support, we find it intolerable, it is necessary some of the truth available to the public for people to discuss!
First of all, I think contracting pros and cons of this field is climbing mountains, and Lee (1) is as Cliff said, you can temporarily solve the problems of farmers; but put long perspective, this can be called the Red Cliff climbing in the history of China first, this is to try to set an first down to the farmers market rent, near Yangshuo, farmers will certainly follow suit, as long as a downtown downtown, real money can be white, who knows better than you white climb. that any of our future in Yangshuo opening lines of the first places to consider contracting Hill Field, and then open line. I do not know this precedent will result in any significant climbing in Yangshuo (2), which is basically rented Yangshuo Cliff almost all existing rock field, equal to that is the Red Cliff climbing Yangshuo has a monopoly market, I think who are the real beneficiaries, sensible people should be clear.
participate in the discussion summarized some climbing in Yangshuo's point of view, as follows:
1, the development of rock climbing in Yangshuo are there many years, and under the care of the people and efforts, now has more than one hundred lines of the , Red Cliff May last year, opened as a rock climbing club, business so far I think we should take off from climbing to earn a lot in it, but as far as I know, so far, all the climbing in Yangshuo club, Red Cliff is the only Yangshuo, a development not in any line of the club, mean that they use someone else's line to open a full year earned the money, but now his turn to appear as savior, and I think that now you assess what the fee income people? < br> 2, you are contracting you all the climbing wall to open a good line, I thought the line's original intention, whether private or Yangshuo the club open, we are following a principle of resource sharing it, No one ever since I got it on the line is to make money now, you are just another club closing the business led the money, sounds good, because we made money from here, but I wonder if Cliff had not thought about, and he paid The money is only contracted to the farmers, we mean that you are stealing the fruits of labor, and then led their own to make money, I think you should not be considered a part of you earn in return for you to get open line who ah?
3, Red Cliff has been in an open letter to the spokesman for rock climbing in Yangshuo itself, but if the Red Cliff climbing in Yangshuo was a sincere wish to solve the problem should be to communicate with other club has it, but as far as I know, Cliff Hill in the contract Yangshuo, the former did not field any climber had to communicate, until now, there are clubs do not know the way to solve the issue of farmers Chibi not the only choice, but at least I admire the owner of the business vision, thousands of pieces a year the cost can close your eyes and earn, I think this time the boss must be laughing in the clutching his cup, but the people creating wealth that is understandable, but I can not see people climbing the name of saving the flag to cover up Yangshuo!
4, on the rock climbing to receive the so-called be deceived, to welcome you care about climbing in Yangshuo China, the development of rock climbing and active thread to all friends, we should for this kind of damage, the development of rock climbing to name the guise of commercial fry behavior, we should take action to safeguard the freedom of rock climbing and healthy development!
Date :2004-05-01 11:57:33
good, powerful enough Red Cliff, charges for all other clubs Yangshuo 20 RMB per person, this is tantamount to breaking the people's way of getting money, after climbing in Yangshuo is the Red Cliff monopoly profession. It is worth mentioning that: it is necessary to conduct the Red Cliff a comparison with the farmers, the farmers charged the cost of the club is about 5 yuan per person. So, Red Cliff is really black one!
and in the open for a deal with the club in question, but do not want and a lot of local people in the dark waiting for an opportunity to deal with harassment. This largely determines whether I choose to go to Yangshuo. I believe many people think rock climbing: Why do I pressure should protect my precious holiday mood in the local villagers? from my rock climbing areas around the world experience, the uncertainty of security is impeding the development of climbing in Yangshuo Resort's cause of death. have these problems, sharing principle everyone's concerns are for their feedback on current and future practices. we said, the person must respond to the Red Cliff, is ignored by the surface is placed in the next reaction. In fact, as commercial climbing organizers, they understand the needs of climbers . and as a commercial organization, constraints, there are many aspects of Red Cliff: They not only have to consider the voice of rock climbing circles, they have to listen to the views of the competent authorities, they want to hear the views of potential customers, they want to hear their views on the purse. to think you want to make trouble for the local villagers how people reason with you have to do? you want and they come thick, and their consumption, go to the Government and the public security and deal with them, and that you can make them hear you say, that they do not understand rock climbing. Now you do not need the trouble, which is the maximum credit for this approach of Red Cliff.
I'm not saying that many of the above is not the problem you mentioned, nor that the practice of the Red Cliff clubs are right now. I do not want to go first of all try to figure out other people do whatever the motives, I see the results. I think it's practice is to receive the climb climbing resource people (even business people climbing) an important step in his hand. Other Business Club would like to see profit; opening line had hoped to climb and more people enjoy their routes; ordinary climbers want to climb but little trouble as possible. The hope is that the returns to different people. Yangshuo climbing considerably reduced the confusion This return. maximized the return on what I said above > Speaking of specific issues, if the operation can be transparent, fair, not afraid of the issue on the table, these specific issues such as how can we talk ... return to the open informants in particular, which are relatively good operation, but how avoid triggering the areas have been free to climb into the contract will further explored. Many Yangshuo issues should come forward by local trade associations, and local coordination with one voice solution. I remember in 2001 mentioned in the Chamber of Commerce or the guild thing, but if no progress. now come forward to complete the Business Club Association function, if indeed it says can increase those returns, the club should therefore be a greater reward, because if it does not mess things look , and bad luck is that it assumed. do not worry about scarcity and uneven distribution on the bad.
br> Red Cliff is the only use of these peaks of Yangshuo (gold cat hole, bottle mountain peaks thumb, middle finger peak, with the Gate Hill) rights (right of mountain) the legal club! mm Liuzong
and wine forum response on this matter br> Liuzong Good for you. out ���� the.
people very sensitive to block people getting money, you move one that can be regarded as a monopoly Yangshuo commercial rock resources, but I do not know how you coordinate and Richard, Surge, Zhang Thunder, Xitang, Han Jun, the old history, Echo and other practitioners of Yangshuo climbing the interests of commercial distribution, they will obediently into submission, increase their operating costs, pay to you? more troublesome is that many lines or They opened, for example Akika hill in the bottle opened a lot of lines. doing so may intensify the conflict.
I know that store operating pressure you, but to do so, operability worth considering.
I have you as a friend, so language is not so pleasant to the ear, but lost than won, hope you think twice.
ldolphin:
I also think there should be open to discussion.
climbing practitioners as one of Red Cliff to other practitioners were awarded a certificate, received management fees, I am afraid it is not very appropriate.
this matter, it is possible through the establishment of trade associations to resolve it? you to settle with the farmers in the form of alliance between and jointly safeguard the line coordinate the development of industry prices.
alliance I know this kind of thing in China compared Nangao, but I do believe that together, good for everyone. Why do not pull head?
mh:
existing law or the system on the right? Even though I am one of the industry, but because I am a contractor, according to the provisions of the contract within
, I was in the system have the power to allow or not allow other people what to do. This kinds of rules are reasonable and even
to legal I do not know, but seems to understand the so popular now.
people did not say how the decision to pay the amount. can accept that whether it is worthwhile to look at these clubs. because of dealings and farmers have hit
costs, not just the specific charges against local disturbance, as well as hidden costs including potential customers as a result of
Yangshuo Yangshuo climbing rather than to environmental uncertainty.
short for now at least how to rock climbing in and relating to people with relatively rational discussion, and more than the original deal with those rogue
are stronger. I think this is a good direction to the development.]
mira_l:
If this announcement is mainly engaged in rock climbing has been a local institution recognized and approved by the local government, and there are certain time limits, of course, is a good thing. but may the problem is not so simple, for example as follows:
* reasonable and legitimate questions about
1. If the Red Cliff is a new rock wall contractor and develop their own line or from the above After the implementation of said notice, such as announcements in support of other climbers, There may be legitimate.
2. If the Red Cliff contract Yangshuo now the as long as the opening lines are requested not to use the development line of Red Cliff legal position and possible.
Red Cliff is not because most of his lines contracted developers, and now contracted down these cliffs, of course, in theory, he has the legal basis for charges or management. But if this is equivalent to other people's work Club fulfill their obligations.
**
on the management of eligibility if required all the climbers to Yangshuo The only climbing the local promotion agencies, of course, can not be aid agencies or authorities, then he has to allow or not allow others the right to rock climbing, or whether there is sufficient qualification to monitor other people's rock climbing? If contracting for its own and development of the wall, it is like a park, of course, tickets and whether to allow tourists to enter the right, but if the situation is now, possibly as a foreign climber, he received preferential treatment after the Red Cliff, still have this question: rock climbing, and who has power to release the documents , and then I promise to provide free high quality for everyone climbing in Guangdong advice, providing free shuttle car, which is not good service ah, but I have no ;
as registration, management, unless you own the place, and through legal means, or in an open environment, activities, may be only the relevant authorities or industry associations and other institutions have such qualifications, right? < br> *** on the Red Cliff: For now, he is doing may be a good thing, but over time, personnel changes, the effective time of the announcement how long? whether fair to everyone, who is monitoring?
First, who is now paid to ensure that the Red Cliff on the benefits received?
Second, who does not completely solve the cash if the Red Cliff, but only to honor the notice positive aspects of their own problems arising.
Because if we really all are fully implemented according to this announcement, the equivalent of short-term economic benefits, at least so the management of Red Cliff on the scope of climbing crowd, than, as big as the Chinese Mountaineering Association. Here first is the implication of unlimited business opportunities Oh.
So, although the overall direction of view, Yangshuo Climbing Villagers can finally get rid of the nuisance that short-sighted, of course, is a good thing. But if you can not resolve with the Manager of the reasonable and legitimate, I think the announcement of such reservations should be. If the notice is a local rock climbing department or professional Association issued, registration, managed by competent authorities or industry associations, so that it better. Some things looked very good, but if the lack of supervision, it is very easy to maximize the benefits toward the direction of a particular is an independent operating profit institutions, then.
above is just my unfounded cranky, like rock climbing as a person, without him, and just want a more relaxed environment, free climbing it. If the Department offend Or I villain heart of a gentleman's belly, then so be it.
cracks:
to settle the villagers, the clubs, the interests of all climbers not an easy task, trying to establish an order of the Red Cliff, The starting point is good. As a climber, a trip to receive a Yes, how long can eat a free lunch.
dela0835:
1, as a long-term climbing in Yangshuo, today suddenly see someone to represent Yangshuo issued in the name of all climbers above comments, feel strange, because In addition to staff around the outside of Red Cliff, all I do not know this, how to represent at all?
2, so the practice after the opening line in the other parts of the development of new lines will cause the future to follow the local villagers to fight is contracted, it goes whether there will be opening line in the development of new routes in Yangshuo?
3, we all know, Red Cliff contract the lines of these places is a long line of those opened since the concerted efforts of many developed, then what basis is now once the contract Chibi the ground can boon, whether open lines should have the right to charge?
4, Red Cliff is what government agency? what authority issued climbing permits? since it is free then why climbers climb free card?
5, since the contract from the mountain, whether there will be other clubs to rock under the contract to collect tolls land?
6, present farmers are no longer charged the cost of free climbers and rock climbing without the need to receive the so-called card! !! then such practices and procedures for multi-channel farmers charges in addition to what is the difference? just a money man for it.
7, this phenomenon once started, it will lead to other clubs or organizations began to frantically contracting with a development value of the wall?
8, climbing from a commercial point of view, whether this is a commercial monopoly? Over time, the possibility of Yangshuo climbing up there?
continue to focus on the hh
good people and do a good deed is not necessarily associated with discussion, as a outsider Yangshuo or Red Cliff, I think it is difficult to understand exactly who in the end decided to contract in the end want to do rock, do not know that he kind a bad heart. If this man really is a love of climbing the whole person and really want it easy to solve the issue of farmers and pure heart, we might have some of the discussions a bit of a certain kind of person, he did not necessarily out of a good thing.
people and things may be four cases:
1. He was a good man, and know the right way, want to do a good thing hands in the air support that of course we hope and believe he can do it, even if ultimately not do this, we only regret.
2. He was a good man, want to be a good thing, but to know why, but for the reckless. Whether Finally he succeeded or failed, are very risky, if such things to other people involved or the public interest, I think that support should not be arbitrary because it does not quite and let this good man to hold public interests to gamble? even if he is a sage, I also have the right to decide their own interests related to trade-off, there is no need for some support.
3. He is an ill-wishers who suddenly took it like a day the public interest to do a good thing about you, if he really means to solve the problem and have bound them to do so, I may view it; but if not the embodiment of a constraint, then no matter how sweetly put it, I have the right to decide to choose their own interests, because these matters of public interest, and if done, far-reaching, and some things, such as contracts or price, when after the specific implementation, it is difficult looking back, if a rock You contract this year, next year does not want to contract, it can do next year for free? as a profitable club, to be bad, maybe it there this year, next year does not exist. But as a free climber free commitment possible existence of this club there this year, next year, the club does not exist, or changed hands, do not change hands along with this promise can be fully implemented? big discount if they promise not seem a good regulation, you are happy today desperate applause post support, tomorrow may give cancel. may Yangshuo, line development, which in terms of many climbing friends, and you do not have much relationship, or just a passer-by as long as you avoid the uncertainty of farmers OK or are you just what a dish will not only business club with you and hope that this is the most secure. But if such a thing contracted has become a practice, it may also in Beijing, White River, in the Guangzhou Baiyun Hill, had stores in Shenzhen, in Yunnan, Sichuan and so local there, if a rock does not route your contract, you develop, you will make it look like a park charges, compliance with procedures, of course, it is reasonable and legal, but suddenly one day you find yourself in a few days to open a hard-line contract went to the people, the man also shot over your shoulder, said: Brother, thank you for your work, later told me to register for the climb, I guaranteed free of charge. or one day someone told you: brother, had contracted down my shop, we require you to climb to about my assessment, we very familiar with each of two pull-Han you do I will send a free climb the certificate to you. you do not do?
4. a safe name with bad hearts of people earn high-sounding slogan of thinking, maybe he really did earn, and then went, maybe he lost a, Then came, of course, the results should fall on his head. But even if he losses, and suffered the consequences of failure, but ultimately the people still want to get away, he could not at all interested in rock climbing, just want to make a pen, but even so the final loss of this man's vitality, the final result, for the other climbers who like Yangshuo, what is it? do because people will be gone immediately to restore the original order of around free? for One was destroyed in the public interest, the actual failure of the operator, and finally hurt the interests must be enjoying all the public.
Maybe I said too much, but it simply comes down to is this: If we can not is clear in the end of a reasonable notice and legal situation, in the end the specific operator what the heart is safe, and might have reservations on these announcements.
to solve the harassment of farmers there are many ways, the contractor is only one way in which , whether free or commercial operator climbers, to everyone in a little more long-term interests of Yangshuo, best not only to solve the present little harassment to freely choose to support a not very perfect solution.
If the management, commitment by industry associations or local authorities announced and implemented, may be more stable only under supervision and implementation.
Published Date :2004-05-03 00:14:55
set a very bad precedent, the farmers have tasted the sweetness of the real benefits obtained.
the day when Cliff left the Yangshuo, Yangshuo to will return to the initial state? I think farmers are not, he will continue out of trouble until the second date Chibi appears.
fans still free now, when the contract costs ran Red Cliff can not afford the time I believe that the wool from the sheep out of course.
line developers but also to develop new lines? He will be worried that the new line of peasants to fight for the club near the contract, to follow out of trouble.
Yangshuo we contracted transport facilities, suitable for beginners to climb all the peaks, including: Golden Cat Cave, bottle mountain peak and copper door thumb mountain, the contracting is the real contract, we pay a one-time-related village or economic cooperatives, and had the full right to use these peaks. Since then:
1, any more than free climbers climb mountains in the process, absolutely no longer be any interference!
2, we assume responsibility for maintenance of lines.
3, we support the opening line of large-scale behavior.
4, we also prohibit the peaks above, without our permission for any commercial rock climbing!
specific implementation approach as follows:
1, any rock climbing or rock climbing peaks in the above practitioner institutions to engage in rock climbing, go to the second floor in the building industry in West discreet Red Cliff climbing bars for registration, and handle the relevant procedures, to receive Permit sharing the spirit;
3, individuals or institutions and organizations in the commercial rock climbing activities in the process of registration, required to pay certain costs of use and management of mountain, before climbing in these mountains for commercial activities. The main use of management costs used to cover the cost of the peaks and line maintenance contract expenses, the excess part of the climbing for the development of new venues and routes.
4, we will send someone to regularly check and maintain climbing routes; the other line if any climbers found problems, please contact it directly to the Red Cliff climbing our staff, we will schedule in the first line maintenance staff to solve the problem.
5, open line of rock climbing in Yangshuo in the open lane provided can enjoy the Red Cliff a full set of free room and board, all related to rock climbing equipment, equipment and personnel supporting open line.
We also accept any form of financial contributions include: coupon, and the pegs, which are conducive to large-scale open line of rock climbing in Yangshuo supplies.
We sincerely hope that through the joint efforts of all rock climbing enthusiasts, development and standardization of rock climbing in Yangshuo, Yangshuo become so real and pure sense of the sacred rock climbing.
Sunshine ~ Cliff Rock Climbing Club
2004 ��April 29
> Hello! climbing in Yangshuo we represent and the people look to you for coming here welcome! and wish you Yangshuo, in climbing to enjoy endless fun! we all know, has been in rock climbing in Yangshuo chaotic state, also have occurred in this or that problem, so, in order to better enjoy the climbing you can bring the physical and mental pleasure, hope you can go to Yangshuo West Street is located on the second floor of the Red Cliff House, discreet industry climbing bars, for the relevant registration procedures, and receive a climbing permit. you can enjoy climbing mountains in the following fun: golden cat hole, bottle Hills, Thumb Peak, bronze doors Hill.
free if you are a climber, that is: your climbing behavior the nature of any business, then this registration process is completely free of charge;
commercial rock climbing if you are the leader, must pay a management fee, please ask the bar to the Red Cliff rock climbing.
If you are open line who, in the opening line during which you can enjoy a full set of Red Cliff to provide free room and board, all related to rock climbing equipment, equipment and personnel supporting open line.
In addition, the registration process, you can consult the staff of Red Cliff rock field and line, we provide free information service rock climbing.
of the above in order to avoid to bring you more trouble, which caused little trouble to you, we apologize!
wish you climbing happy!
Sunshine ~ Cliff Rock Climbing Club
2004 �� 4 �� 29 ��
mh Published Date :2004-04-30 10:31:31
climbers can listen to the views if the continuous improvement of the policy to let everyone think you fair, and that we will actively support you. in the implementation process to the management of your conscious as was standard, and transparent will reduce your own future trouble in operation.
if you can continue to develop your approach to the opening of the country has significant climbing areas.
Published in June next year :2004-04-30 14:46:20
paste the landlord looked after, and I'm excited to, but I ask what was missing.
mira_l in the phrase. Red Cliff This safeguarding the interests of the majority of free climbers, but if not from the legitimacy to deal with this matter, going to protect the interests of Red Cliff.
-30 13:57:28
such an approach can indeed solve the rock and the relationship between local villagers, free climbers on the provision of voluntary service is free and pleasant move.
in terms of an open letter to the editor All provisions not only reasonable but also very beneficial to the development of rock climbing in Yangshuo. serious support!
but the problem could be: as a club, not only the promotion of local institutions, and can not be climbing the local unit in charge of Therefore, registration is requested, or provide free room and board, etc., is the club's internal regulations of a subjective unit of the public or local rules and regulations, compliance and regulatory requirements to reflect, is this a legitimate basis?
to the present situation: I contracted, I charge, it should be a legal basis, if so, then of course set up.
but other free, registration, various other commitments, it may be reasonable and not necessarily within the legal provisions, if such has been and has been climbing toward the benefit and development is of course the perspective is a good thing, but unfortunately one day happen if the operator or other changes, some things may be difficult to speak clearly.
If this open letter by the head of the local rock climbing Units issued, the climber climbing unit in charge need to be registered, the legal nature of it may be a little more. hope this is not worrying me.
like to speak now in the jar first, I have to register cell phone numbers, what legal basis? While the user reads the groom will be kept confidential but if one day he will sell my information, I turn to?
so reasonable and do not necessarily valid for these things, I still have reservations, whether now appears to be very good or very bad, we need to seriously think about the introduction of the.
> a suggestion: since the rule-making process, should establish the mechanism of interaction between managers and climbers. This is conducive to public confidence in establishing a good basis for comparison.
discuss! field of discussion, is not too happy, rock climbing paradise of Yangshuo, China, the future of this deep concern, but also concerns about China's development of rock climbing. During a Red Cliff man has filed a letter to the major forum for the open letter to the climber, so everyone read an open letter to this high-sounding. do not look good, after reading everyone feeling ran high, and very indignant. In particular, we see that some climbers are blinded by the truth in the case of thread support, we find it intolerable, it is necessary some of the truth available to the public for people to discuss!
First of all, I think contracting pros and cons of this field is climbing mountains, and Lee (1) is as Cliff said, you can temporarily solve the problems of farmers; but put long perspective, this can be called the Red Cliff climbing in the history of China first, this is to try to set an first down to the farmers market rent, near Yangshuo, farmers will certainly follow suit, as long as a downtown downtown, real money can be white, who knows better than you white climb. that any of our future in Yangshuo opening lines of the first places to consider contracting Hill Field, and then open line. I do not know this precedent will result in any significant climbing in Yangshuo (2), which is basically rented Yangshuo Cliff almost all existing rock field, equal to that is the Red Cliff climbing Yangshuo has a monopoly market, I think who are the real beneficiaries, sensible people should be clear.
participate in the discussion summarized some climbing in Yangshuo's point of view, as follows:
1, the development of rock climbing in Yangshuo are there many years, and under the care of the people and efforts, now has more than one hundred lines of the , Red Cliff May last year, opened as a rock climbing club, business so far I think we should take off from climbing to earn a lot in it, but as far as I know, so far, all the climbing in Yangshuo club, Red Cliff is the only Yangshuo, a development not in any line of the club, mean that they use someone else's line to open a full year earned the money, but now his turn to appear as savior, and I think that now you assess what the fee income people? < br> 2, you are contracting you all the climbing wall to open a good line, I thought the line's original intention, whether private or Yangshuo the club open, we are following a principle of resource sharing it, No one ever since I got it on the line is to make money now, you are just another club closing the business led the money, sounds good, because we made money from here, but I wonder if Cliff had not thought about, and he paid The money is only contracted to the farmers, we mean that you are stealing the fruits of labor, and then led their own to make money, I think you should not be considered a part of you earn in return for you to get open line who ah?
3, Red Cliff has been in an open letter to the spokesman for rock climbing in Yangshuo itself, but if the Red Cliff climbing in Yangshuo was a sincere wish to solve the problem should be to communicate with other club has it, but as far as I know, Cliff Hill in the contract Yangshuo, the former did not field any climber had to communicate, until now, there are clubs do not know the way to solve the issue of farmers Chibi not the only choice, but at least I admire the owner of the business vision, thousands of pieces a year the cost can close your eyes and earn, I think this time the boss must be laughing in the clutching his cup, but the people creating wealth that is understandable, but I can not see people climbing the name of saving the flag to cover up Yangshuo!
4, on the rock climbing to receive the so-called be deceived, to welcome you care about climbing in Yangshuo China, the development of rock climbing and active thread to all friends, we should for this kind of damage, the development of rock climbing to name the guise of commercial fry behavior, we should take action to safeguard the freedom of rock climbing and healthy development!
Date :2004-05-01 11:57:33
good, powerful enough Red Cliff, charges for all other clubs Yangshuo 20 RMB per person, this is tantamount to breaking the people's way of getting money, after climbing in Yangshuo is the Red Cliff monopoly profession. It is worth mentioning that: it is necessary to conduct the Red Cliff a comparison with the farmers, the farmers charged the cost of the club is about 5 yuan per person. So, Red Cliff is really black one!
and in the open for a deal with the club in question, but do not want and a lot of local people in the dark waiting for an opportunity to deal with harassment. This largely determines whether I choose to go to Yangshuo. I believe many people think rock climbing: Why do I pressure should protect my precious holiday mood in the local villagers? from my rock climbing areas around the world experience, the uncertainty of security is impeding the development of climbing in Yangshuo Resort's cause of death. have these problems, sharing principle everyone's concerns are for their feedback on current and future practices. we said, the person must respond to the Red Cliff, is ignored by the surface is placed in the next reaction. In fact, as commercial climbing organizers, they understand the needs of climbers . and as a commercial organization, constraints, there are many aspects of Red Cliff: They not only have to consider the voice of rock climbing circles, they have to listen to the views of the competent authorities, they want to hear the views of potential customers, they want to hear their views on the purse. to think you want to make trouble for the local villagers how people reason with you have to do? you want and they come thick, and their consumption, go to the Government and the public security and deal with them, and that you can make them hear you say, that they do not understand rock climbing. Now you do not need the trouble, which is the maximum credit for this approach of Red Cliff.
I'm not saying that many of the above is not the problem you mentioned, nor that the practice of the Red Cliff clubs are right now. I do not want to go first of all try to figure out other people do whatever the motives, I see the results. I think it's practice is to receive the climb climbing resource people (even business people climbing) an important step in his hand. Other Business Club would like to see profit; opening line had hoped to climb and more people enjoy their routes; ordinary climbers want to climb but little trouble as possible. The hope is that the returns to different people. Yangshuo climbing considerably reduced the confusion This return. maximized the return on what I said above > Speaking of specific issues, if the operation can be transparent, fair, not afraid of the issue on the table, these specific issues such as how can we talk ... return to the open informants in particular, which are relatively good operation, but how avoid triggering the areas have been free to climb into the contract will further explored. Many Yangshuo issues should come forward by local trade associations, and local coordination with one voice solution. I remember in 2001 mentioned in the Chamber of Commerce or the guild thing, but if no progress. now come forward to complete the Business Club Association function, if indeed it says can increase those returns, the club should therefore be a greater reward, because if it does not mess things look , and bad luck is that it assumed. do not worry about scarcity and uneven distribution on the bad.
br> Red Cliff is the only use of these peaks of Yangshuo (gold cat hole, bottle mountain peaks thumb, middle finger peak, with the Gate Hill) rights (right of mountain) the legal club! mm Liuzong
and wine forum response on this matter br> Liuzong Good for you. out ���� the.
people very sensitive to block people getting money, you move one that can be regarded as a monopoly Yangshuo commercial rock resources, but I do not know how you coordinate and Richard, Surge, Zhang Thunder, Xitang, Han Jun, the old history, Echo and other practitioners of Yangshuo climbing the interests of commercial distribution, they will obediently into submission, increase their operating costs, pay to you? more troublesome is that many lines or They opened, for example Akika hill in the bottle opened a lot of lines. doing so may intensify the conflict.
I know that store operating pressure you, but to do so, operability worth considering.
I have you as a friend, so language is not so pleasant to the ear, but lost than won, hope you think twice.
ldolphin:
I also think there should be open to discussion.
climbing practitioners as one of Red Cliff to other practitioners were awarded a certificate, received management fees, I am afraid it is not very appropriate.
this matter, it is possible through the establishment of trade associations to resolve it? you to settle with the farmers in the form of alliance between and jointly safeguard the line coordinate the development of industry prices.
alliance I know this kind of thing in China compared Nangao, but I do believe that together, good for everyone. Why do not pull head?
mh:
existing law or the system on the right? Even though I am one of the industry, but because I am a contractor, according to the provisions of the contract within
, I was in the system have the power to allow or not allow other people what to do. This kinds of rules are reasonable and even
to legal I do not know, but seems to understand the so popular now.
people did not say how the decision to pay the amount. can accept that whether it is worthwhile to look at these clubs. because of dealings and farmers have hit
costs, not just the specific charges against local disturbance, as well as hidden costs including potential customers as a result of
Yangshuo Yangshuo climbing rather than to environmental uncertainty.
short for now at least how to rock climbing in and relating to people with relatively rational discussion, and more than the original deal with those rogue
are stronger. I think this is a good direction to the development.]
mira_l:
If this announcement is mainly engaged in rock climbing has been a local institution recognized and approved by the local government, and there are certain time limits, of course, is a good thing. but may the problem is not so simple, for example as follows:
* reasonable and legitimate questions about
1. If the Red Cliff is a new rock wall contractor and develop their own line or from the above After the implementation of said notice, such as announcements in support of other climbers, There may be legitimate.
2. If the Red Cliff contract Yangshuo now the as long as the opening lines are requested not to use the development line of Red Cliff legal position and possible.
Red Cliff is not because most of his lines contracted developers, and now contracted down these cliffs, of course, in theory, he has the legal basis for charges or management. But if this is equivalent to other people's work Club fulfill their obligations.
**
on the management of eligibility if required all the climbers to Yangshuo The only climbing the local promotion agencies, of course, can not be aid agencies or authorities, then he has to allow or not allow others the right to rock climbing, or whether there is sufficient qualification to monitor other people's rock climbing? If contracting for its own and development of the wall, it is like a park, of course, tickets and whether to allow tourists to enter the right, but if the situation is now, possibly as a foreign climber, he received preferential treatment after the Red Cliff, still have this question: rock climbing, and who has power to release the documents , and then I promise to provide free high quality for everyone climbing in Guangdong advice, providing free shuttle car, which is not good service ah, but I have no ;
as registration, management, unless you own the place, and through legal means, or in an open environment, activities, may be only the relevant authorities or industry associations and other institutions have such qualifications, right? < br> *** on the Red Cliff: For now, he is doing may be a good thing, but over time, personnel changes, the effective time of the announcement how long? whether fair to everyone, who is monitoring?
First, who is now paid to ensure that the Red Cliff on the benefits received?
Second, who does not completely solve the cash if the Red Cliff, but only to honor the notice positive aspects of their own problems arising.
Because if we really all are fully implemented according to this announcement, the equivalent of short-term economic benefits, at least so the management of Red Cliff on the scope of climbing crowd, than, as big as the Chinese Mountaineering Association. Here first is the implication of unlimited business opportunities Oh.
So, although the overall direction of view, Yangshuo Climbing Villagers can finally get rid of the nuisance that short-sighted, of course, is a good thing. But if you can not resolve with the Manager of the reasonable and legitimate, I think the announcement of such reservations should be. If the notice is a local rock climbing department or professional Association issued, registration, managed by competent authorities or industry associations, so that it better. Some things looked very good, but if the lack of supervision, it is very easy to maximize the benefits toward the direction of a particular is an independent operating profit institutions, then.
above is just my unfounded cranky, like rock climbing as a person, without him, and just want a more relaxed environment, free climbing it. If the Department offend Or I villain heart of a gentleman's belly, then so be it.
cracks:
to settle the villagers, the clubs, the interests of all climbers not an easy task, trying to establish an order of the Red Cliff, The starting point is good. As a climber, a trip to receive a Yes, how long can eat a free lunch.
dela0835:
1, as a long-term climbing in Yangshuo, today suddenly see someone to represent Yangshuo issued in the name of all climbers above comments, feel strange, because In addition to staff around the outside of Red Cliff, all I do not know this, how to represent at all?
2, so the practice after the opening line in the other parts of the development of new lines will cause the future to follow the local villagers to fight is contracted, it goes whether there will be opening line in the development of new routes in Yangshuo?
3, we all know, Red Cliff contract the lines of these places is a long line of those opened since the concerted efforts of many developed, then what basis is now once the contract Chibi the ground can boon, whether open lines should have the right to charge?
4, Red Cliff is what government agency? what authority issued climbing permits? since it is free then why climbers climb free card?
5, since the contract from the mountain, whether there will be other clubs to rock under the contract to collect tolls land?
6, present farmers are no longer charged the cost of free climbers and rock climbing without the need to receive the so-called card! !! then such practices and procedures for multi-channel farmers charges in addition to what is the difference? just a money man for it.
7, this phenomenon once started, it will lead to other clubs or organizations began to frantically contracting with a development value of the wall?
8, climbing from a commercial point of view, whether this is a commercial monopoly? Over time, the possibility of Yangshuo climbing up there?
continue to focus on the hh
good people and do a good deed is not necessarily associated with discussion, as a outsider Yangshuo or Red Cliff, I think it is difficult to understand exactly who in the end decided to contract in the end want to do rock, do not know that he kind a bad heart. If this man really is a love of climbing the whole person and really want it easy to solve the issue of farmers and pure heart, we might have some of the discussions a bit of a certain kind of person, he did not necessarily out of a good thing.
people and things may be four cases:
1. He was a good man, and know the right way, want to do a good thing hands in the air support that of course we hope and believe he can do it, even if ultimately not do this, we only regret.
2. He was a good man, want to be a good thing, but to know why, but for the reckless. Whether Finally he succeeded or failed, are very risky, if such things to other people involved or the public interest, I think that support should not be arbitrary because it does not quite and let this good man to hold public interests to gamble? even if he is a sage, I also have the right to decide their own interests related to trade-off, there is no need for some support.
3. He is an ill-wishers who suddenly took it like a day the public interest to do a good thing about you, if he really means to solve the problem and have bound them to do so, I may view it; but if not the embodiment of a constraint, then no matter how sweetly put it, I have the right to decide to choose their own interests, because these matters of public interest, and if done, far-reaching, and some things, such as contracts or price, when after the specific implementation, it is difficult looking back, if a rock You contract this year, next year does not want to contract, it can do next year for free? as a profitable club, to be bad, maybe it there this year, next year does not exist. But as a free climber free commitment possible existence of this club there this year, next year, the club does not exist, or changed hands, do not change hands along with this promise can be fully implemented? big discount if they promise not seem a good regulation, you are happy today desperate applause post support, tomorrow may give cancel. may Yangshuo, line development, which in terms of many climbing friends, and you do not have much relationship, or just a passer-by as long as you avoid the uncertainty of farmers OK or are you just what a dish will not only business club with you and hope that this is the most secure. But if such a thing contracted has become a practice, it may also in Beijing, White River, in the Guangzhou Baiyun Hill, had stores in Shenzhen, in Yunnan, Sichuan and so local there, if a rock does not route your contract, you develop, you will make it look like a park charges, compliance with procedures, of course, it is reasonable and legal, but suddenly one day you find yourself in a few days to open a hard-line contract went to the people, the man also shot over your shoulder, said: Brother, thank you for your work, later told me to register for the climb, I guaranteed free of charge. or one day someone told you: brother, had contracted down my shop, we require you to climb to about my assessment, we very familiar with each of two pull-Han you do I will send a free climb the certificate to you. you do not do?
4. a safe name with bad hearts of people earn high-sounding slogan of thinking, maybe he really did earn, and then went, maybe he lost a, Then came, of course, the results should fall on his head. But even if he losses, and suffered the consequences of failure, but ultimately the people still want to get away, he could not at all interested in rock climbing, just want to make a pen, but even so the final loss of this man's vitality, the final result, for the other climbers who like Yangshuo, what is it? do because people will be gone immediately to restore the original order of around free? for One was destroyed in the public interest, the actual failure of the operator, and finally hurt the interests must be enjoying all the public.
Maybe I said too much, but it simply comes down to is this: If we can not is clear in the end of a reasonable notice and legal situation, in the end the specific operator what the heart is safe, and might have reservations on these announcements.
to solve the harassment of farmers there are many ways, the contractor is only one way in which , whether free or commercial operator climbers, to everyone in a little more long-term interests of Yangshuo, best not only to solve the present little harassment to freely choose to support a not very perfect solution.
If the management, commitment by industry associations or local authorities announced and implemented, may be more stable only under supervision and implementation.
Published Date :2004-05-03 00:14:55
set a very bad precedent, the farmers have tasted the sweetness of the real benefits obtained.
the day when Cliff left the Yangshuo, Yangshuo to will return to the initial state? I think farmers are not, he will continue out of trouble until the second date Chibi appears.
fans still free now, when the contract costs ran Red Cliff can not afford the time I believe that the wool from the sheep out of course.
line developers but also to develop new lines? He will be worried that the new line of peasants to fight for the club near the contract, to follow out of trouble.
Sunday, December 26, 2010
Dewy's death have to love the Olympic
Who is the current Asian Games Olympic team the best performance, I believe everyone should be given the same answer, that is, coach Dujkovic. Samuel Doe led this session is the first Asian Games the first official international competition, although took a few days, but he advocated attacking football so long suffering fans of algae have the feeling of warm spring breezes, but the main thing is super spot strain capacity has been fully demonstrated. Despite the lost the game Dewy's performance, but enough to make people believe that Olympic will have a bright future.
This is a game of ups and downs. After opening the game both sides seemed more cautious, but the Chinese team is even more active on the offensive , two forwards often went to the closing down of each other within a small restricted area, and completed the first leg of the game shot. Olympic team's performance proved that under severe pressure, Dewy still fulfilled its promise to adhere to the attack. And Iran knew less power, so the posture assumed a defensive back. Obviously the first minute that this is a doomed offensive and defensive war., judging from the first half of the team before the game how apparently well-defense, hesitate to abandon the attack, but also elements on the right to freeze Shen Long attack and midfielder Zheng Zhi organization. Iran is very clear intention of preserving peace, it is not thought of that Olympic team in the back for a second two did not focus on the Iranian energy Team with a windfall.
everyone left their heart in his throat, but the second half Douilly tactical decisions with confidence so that TV viewers will soon find the source of confidence. In other STARE yuan Zheng and Shen Long case, he let Zheng near the right, more daring Liu backs assists, fully support the Shen Long Yuan, Samuel Doe of knowing that Tiger Hill has clearly contrary to Iran, undeterred by the coach's expectations, but also a solid defensive first half quickly fell apart, the Chinese team that series at 1:1 on the right goals is by attacking obtained after consecutive corner. but the second test came, quite unnecessary foul Zhu equalized shortly after the appeared, and received the red card. Dewy's decision this time again is admirable, but one person's Olympic team is still not retreated to the weight of opponents Kuanggong breath, one wave after wave of attack is clearly less than the first one in the group stage when they were on the Iraqi people emotionally. and also scored a goal 10 Olympic, so that the performance really achieve the > Despite losing, but this has emerged out of the re-Olympic return to Crow signs Sum peak times. the history of Iran before the adult team in the Chinese team has a full psychological advantage, but Douilly great attacking football after he took office holding flag, this is clearly Iran's Asian Games team had to show his weak stance. Like the Olympic games, but one person in this case can still pressing opponents Kuanggong Jia Xiuquan era in the scene unthinkable things. < br> We really need to look critically at the Dujkovic Dewy elderly, bloated, he has a kind of a Smart thinking? This is indeed a curious thing. We Dewy from the strange to the familiar, to admiration, and Samuel Doe told the Chinese Football Association by action of two aspects, namely, to replace Crawford with Chen Jia Xiuquan what a bad decision; the second is the work of the Chinese Football Association do not change so Xuanshuai drag, because if Douilly earlier post, Perhaps the Olympic Games do not have to commit so many mistakes on.
IOC made 4 game winning streak, as the process far less satisfactory results. this is not completely out of Olympic team coach Jia Xiuquan bad time to develop habits, the game, the first clean sheet in the back showed two ill-prepared, and Zhu Ting's red card is completely avoided, at the last minute not made clear offside failure is caused by the mind. To think Jia Xiuquan coach, the players often unable to focus, often lead to frequent cramps mental balance, and even one more person will be confusing circumstances, all this can not but make people think.
Dewy Aoan country after he took office to a attack on the heart, so the players gradually got rid of conservative cowardice, but the key is not always stay awake to be able to do so soon. It also makes the game even though the Dewy facilities Cherish repeatedly and successfully respond to emergencies, but the players have bad habits or repeated efforts to Dewy vain. or maybe do not have to play the Olympic team, plus, perhaps do not have to go through that field cruel penalty.
This is a game of ups and downs. After opening the game both sides seemed more cautious, but the Chinese team is even more active on the offensive , two forwards often went to the closing down of each other within a small restricted area, and completed the first leg of the game shot. Olympic team's performance proved that under severe pressure, Dewy still fulfilled its promise to adhere to the attack. And Iran knew less power, so the posture assumed a defensive back. Obviously the first minute that this is a doomed offensive and defensive war., judging from the first half of the team before the game how apparently well-defense, hesitate to abandon the attack, but also elements on the right to freeze Shen Long attack and midfielder Zheng Zhi organization. Iran is very clear intention of preserving peace, it is not thought of that Olympic team in the back for a second two did not focus on the Iranian energy Team with a windfall.
everyone left their heart in his throat, but the second half Douilly tactical decisions with confidence so that TV viewers will soon find the source of confidence. In other STARE yuan Zheng and Shen Long case, he let Zheng near the right, more daring Liu backs assists, fully support the Shen Long Yuan, Samuel Doe of knowing that Tiger Hill has clearly contrary to Iran, undeterred by the coach's expectations, but also a solid defensive first half quickly fell apart, the Chinese team that series at 1:1 on the right goals is by attacking obtained after consecutive corner. but the second test came, quite unnecessary foul Zhu equalized shortly after the appeared, and received the red card. Dewy's decision this time again is admirable, but one person's Olympic team is still not retreated to the weight of opponents Kuanggong breath, one wave after wave of attack is clearly less than the first one in the group stage when they were on the Iraqi people emotionally. and also scored a goal 10 Olympic, so that the performance really achieve the > Despite losing, but this has emerged out of the re-Olympic return to Crow signs Sum peak times. the history of Iran before the adult team in the Chinese team has a full psychological advantage, but Douilly great attacking football after he took office holding flag, this is clearly Iran's Asian Games team had to show his weak stance. Like the Olympic games, but one person in this case can still pressing opponents Kuanggong Jia Xiuquan era in the scene unthinkable things. < br> We really need to look critically at the Dujkovic Dewy elderly, bloated, he has a kind of a Smart thinking? This is indeed a curious thing. We Dewy from the strange to the familiar, to admiration, and Samuel Doe told the Chinese Football Association by action of two aspects, namely, to replace Crawford with Chen Jia Xiuquan what a bad decision; the second is the work of the Chinese Football Association do not change so Xuanshuai drag, because if Douilly earlier post, Perhaps the Olympic Games do not have to commit so many mistakes on.
IOC made 4 game winning streak, as the process far less satisfactory results. this is not completely out of Olympic team coach Jia Xiuquan bad time to develop habits, the game, the first clean sheet in the back showed two ill-prepared, and Zhu Ting's red card is completely avoided, at the last minute not made clear offside failure is caused by the mind. To think Jia Xiuquan coach, the players often unable to focus, often lead to frequent cramps mental balance, and even one more person will be confusing circumstances, all this can not but make people think.
Dewy Aoan country after he took office to a attack on the heart, so the players gradually got rid of conservative cowardice, but the key is not always stay awake to be able to do so soon. It also makes the game even though the Dewy facilities Cherish repeatedly and successfully respond to emergencies, but the players have bad habits or repeated efforts to Dewy vain. or maybe do not have to play the Olympic team, plus, perhaps do not have to go through that field cruel penalty.
Thursday, December 23, 2010
Luankan car industry Wudang old age and general beauty of the Big Three prominent home momentum
U.S. Department of Wudang mm:
three brands beauties fade
general model was known as the United States Phoenix Nirvana
country is on wheels, the population but a quarter of China, automobile consumer market is over ten million No wonder the world's car manufacturers are targeting the United States. The traditional Big Three auto companies in the automotive industry around the world trend of rising gradually lost its style, the automobile capital of Detroit to become an industrial city full of pessimism, and Toyota , Honda, etc. everywhere in the United States, the taste of a great encircling the cities.
common in the three joint venture to enter China by SAIC, the initial rapid development, compared to GM North American headquarters in foreign markets or even a real drop, GM China is also regarded in the ride. The Shanghai home, in the harmonization of SAIC, the SAIC's brand for the first time gathered together, one of GM as the host in the booth over the momentum of Shanghai Volkswagen, owned Buick , Opel, Chevrolet, Cadillac, Saab and other sub-brands are gathered in the east hall E1.
but under the surface of scenery, GM China is also facing new challenges.'s Chevrolet brand Despite the effort to build, but so far, recognition is not high, in addition to good sales of musical styles, and the remaining models are the laggards in its class. Buick GL8 commercial vehicle brands rely on to maintain a monopoly, but the Regal brand has decline, new LaCrosse is far too distant past Regal scenery, the key recommendation of the show's a failure of new car models Buick Park Avenue Royaum facelift, not just the failure of Royaum appearance, at the same level models under the German cars dominated the market situation is more a test of general. Similarly, the pace of difficult domestic Cadillac, Saab's selling point has always been skilled minority could not escape the trend. In the eyes of consumers, GM is a collection Germany, the United States, South Korea, technology vendors, multi fuzzy brand image.
Jinguantongyong face many problems, but the success of its marketing or help him to maintain a relatively high position in the market, but in Ashkenazi unresponsive cars made after the rebound was evident, and the attack of Japanese cars, not too many common characteristics (name can tell) can not maintain its present status, there will be answers within three years.
three in the United States Ford GM shows the momentum to catch up, integration with its brand around the world participating, Ford essence of its European division revealed in, needless to say, in Germany, the technical background, the Ford brand in the Chinese market has shaken off the heavy American cars fuel the impression that this is not considered since the introduction of the Ford Ford models of the important reasons the United States, Ford has reason beyond the momentum on the basis of universal, is derived from the success of its European markets. Now the Chinese consumer in mind, Ford has a typical European car. As its Mazda, Jaguar, Volvo and other big names to join the Ford Group's overall outlook has been more than Ford. It can be said of Ford of Europe is to help Ford in China increasingly the basis of the more powerful.
and Daimler Chrysler as part of the company, after Germany, and its development has entered a new stage. Although the three belong to the United States, but Chrysler still a stranger in China brand. integrated into the DC Group, the Chrysler into China accelerated the pace, from 300c to join pt Cruiser, Chrysler is the classical Chinese temperament establish a new image of American cars, and form lasting bonds with the Mercedes-Benz the integration of the German technical background is the Chrysler brand to promote the growth, JEEP, Dodge, Chrysler is reshaping the image of the new brand of classicism, this point, Chrysler is catching back to its former glory. this show, the United States a strong flavor of jeep and Dodge models show a perfect show to the audience what is the real American temperament models.
Overall, the tide in the world auto especially under the impact of the Asian boom, the traditional Big Three U.S. auto companies are in the United States out of the original authentic taste of an attempt to save themselves, the three companies to explore their own style of development and differentiation of pure American-style model led to look more and more scarce , mixed descent accounted for mainstream models, because in addition to the United States, pure taste of the United States will become obsolete, which is I think more and more American car cars can not be an independent reason to step back from the world-renowned, But old age to describe the beauty of real cars is not an exaggeration.
concern the general audience models: the tree-lined boulevard, new Chevrolet Epica
concern reasons: Phoenix Nirvana
Shanghai GM is The most powerful domestic car sales business, but this time, GM will focus on GM's Opel brand, exhibiting a total of 37 vehicle models, showing general scientific and technological strength.
the Shanghai General Motors, the highlight of the booth to the number of concept cars and the world premiere production of the brand's flagship car type, coupled with the distinctive style of the brand's booth design will appear in a passion, technology, dynamic, future feast for the senses.
The show, which is the main push universal Nirvana-style two car Phoenix Boulevard and the new Epica. boulevard, the predecessor of the market price is often more than 10 million Buick's top model - Wing Yu, the car landed in China from Australia acclimatized, resulting from domestic to imported , and from imports to stop the embarrassment, called general marketing in the history of failure. Royaum rename the boulevard, and use the latest generation to hit the market, the Shanghai auto show will be his first public show. Another new scene Cheng is also the Chevrolet Epica Phoenix Nirvana, entrusted with the GM mid-size car market for Chevrolet brand vision, two models represent a common thread this year's marketing plan.
three brands beauties fade
general model was known as the United States Phoenix Nirvana
country is on wheels, the population but a quarter of China, automobile consumer market is over ten million No wonder the world's car manufacturers are targeting the United States. The traditional Big Three auto companies in the automotive industry around the world trend of rising gradually lost its style, the automobile capital of Detroit to become an industrial city full of pessimism, and Toyota , Honda, etc. everywhere in the United States, the taste of a great encircling the cities.
common in the three joint venture to enter China by SAIC, the initial rapid development, compared to GM North American headquarters in foreign markets or even a real drop, GM China is also regarded in the ride. The Shanghai home, in the harmonization of SAIC, the SAIC's brand for the first time gathered together, one of GM as the host in the booth over the momentum of Shanghai Volkswagen, owned Buick , Opel, Chevrolet, Cadillac, Saab and other sub-brands are gathered in the east hall E1.
but under the surface of scenery, GM China is also facing new challenges.'s Chevrolet brand Despite the effort to build, but so far, recognition is not high, in addition to good sales of musical styles, and the remaining models are the laggards in its class. Buick GL8 commercial vehicle brands rely on to maintain a monopoly, but the Regal brand has decline, new LaCrosse is far too distant past Regal scenery, the key recommendation of the show's a failure of new car models Buick Park Avenue Royaum facelift, not just the failure of Royaum appearance, at the same level models under the German cars dominated the market situation is more a test of general. Similarly, the pace of difficult domestic Cadillac, Saab's selling point has always been skilled minority could not escape the trend. In the eyes of consumers, GM is a collection Germany, the United States, South Korea, technology vendors, multi fuzzy brand image.
Jinguantongyong face many problems, but the success of its marketing or help him to maintain a relatively high position in the market, but in Ashkenazi unresponsive cars made after the rebound was evident, and the attack of Japanese cars, not too many common characteristics (name can tell) can not maintain its present status, there will be answers within three years.
three in the United States Ford GM shows the momentum to catch up, integration with its brand around the world participating, Ford essence of its European division revealed in, needless to say, in Germany, the technical background, the Ford brand in the Chinese market has shaken off the heavy American cars fuel the impression that this is not considered since the introduction of the Ford Ford models of the important reasons the United States, Ford has reason beyond the momentum on the basis of universal, is derived from the success of its European markets. Now the Chinese consumer in mind, Ford has a typical European car. As its Mazda, Jaguar, Volvo and other big names to join the Ford Group's overall outlook has been more than Ford. It can be said of Ford of Europe is to help Ford in China increasingly the basis of the more powerful.
and Daimler Chrysler as part of the company, after Germany, and its development has entered a new stage. Although the three belong to the United States, but Chrysler still a stranger in China brand. integrated into the DC Group, the Chrysler into China accelerated the pace, from 300c to join pt Cruiser, Chrysler is the classical Chinese temperament establish a new image of American cars, and form lasting bonds with the Mercedes-Benz the integration of the German technical background is the Chrysler brand to promote the growth, JEEP, Dodge, Chrysler is reshaping the image of the new brand of classicism, this point, Chrysler is catching back to its former glory. this show, the United States a strong flavor of jeep and Dodge models show a perfect show to the audience what is the real American temperament models.
Overall, the tide in the world auto especially under the impact of the Asian boom, the traditional Big Three U.S. auto companies are in the United States out of the original authentic taste of an attempt to save themselves, the three companies to explore their own style of development and differentiation of pure American-style model led to look more and more scarce , mixed descent accounted for mainstream models, because in addition to the United States, pure taste of the United States will become obsolete, which is I think more and more American car cars can not be an independent reason to step back from the world-renowned, But old age to describe the beauty of real cars is not an exaggeration.
concern the general audience models: the tree-lined boulevard, new Chevrolet Epica
concern reasons: Phoenix Nirvana
Shanghai GM is The most powerful domestic car sales business, but this time, GM will focus on GM's Opel brand, exhibiting a total of 37 vehicle models, showing general scientific and technological strength.
the Shanghai General Motors, the highlight of the booth to the number of concept cars and the world premiere production of the brand's flagship car type, coupled with the distinctive style of the brand's booth design will appear in a passion, technology, dynamic, future feast for the senses.
The show, which is the main push universal Nirvana-style two car Phoenix Boulevard and the new Epica. boulevard, the predecessor of the market price is often more than 10 million Buick's top model - Wing Yu, the car landed in China from Australia acclimatized, resulting from domestic to imported , and from imports to stop the embarrassment, called general marketing in the history of failure. Royaum rename the boulevard, and use the latest generation to hit the market, the Shanghai auto show will be his first public show. Another new scene Cheng is also the Chevrolet Epica Phoenix Nirvana, entrusted with the GM mid-size car market for Chevrolet brand vision, two models represent a common thread this year's marketing plan.
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
GOLF
About
golf golf has a special charm of a movement. It is the people in the natural elegance of the natural green environment, exercise, strive to improve the skills of the activities. The first to involve the North of Scotland to play golf Coast soldiers, then gradually rise to civil court and nobility and a strong interest in youth and eventually became a tradition in Scotland project. later passed to England. nineteenth century spread to the Americas, Australia and South Africa, the twentieth century to Asia. As The earliest golf popular in the court and nobility, coupled with expensive equipment, golf courses, it is There are several golf origin of the Dutch has not been recognized that golf originated in Scotland, saying they believe is the origin of the first Golf in the Netherlands. Dutch to a man named And they think that the movement of goods through bilateral trade pass into Scotland. However, many people do not agree. Opponents pointed out: This is the most fundamental and essential difference between the two! it, there is no angle! So, people do not agree with the statement Golf originated in the Netherlands.
1457 years: the first formulation of the Scottish Parliament a bill on the golf king Jim banned golf because it was obsessed with it because a lot of soldiers items shipped
move, with the bow to play, ignoring the training.
1637 years: the cruel thing! a little boy for stealing the golf was alive, anyway. then golf really is very expensive, and the great reputation of the sport so long things.
1743 years: the first set of written golf clubs shipped to Hong Kong from Leith Scotland to Charleston, South Carolina United States, Hong Kong.
1744 years: Edinburgh Friends of Golf Association has developed the world's first rules of golf, and announced in clear text, a total of thirteen, including a provision to from the As the footprints of the King of England and widely. In the same year, the Royal Calcutta Golf Club of India was officially opened, the existing British Isles this is the oldest golf course outside.
1848 years: the first from the feather golf change into a body The gutta percha material, which is a similar to the rubber, the material used to guide the root project.
1860 years: the first British Open start, there were only eight professionals participated in the competition at Prestwick Stadium, twelve hole golf course, players play three rounds of the day. Willie Park's total score is 174, two shots to beat the old Tom. Maurice, won the championship.
1872 years: Tom. Maurice s won the British Open four times, tying the record set by his father.
1888 ��: St.Andrews creation of Yonkers in New York. It is the oldest still in operation the U.S. club.
1894 years: five co-founded the United States Golf Club United States Golf Association, two of which also held a invention of great significance, so that all golfers hit the ball 15 yards from the rally overnight it seems.
1902, the East Liya Sang State University students that Harvard in the intercollegiate championships five consecutive championships.
In 1903, smoking a cigar Walter Travis won the British Amateur at age forty champion, because he used the strange Schenectady putter, so almost no one cheers. Seven years later, R & A ban on the use of race This shaft is connected to the head of the club, the ban lasted until 1952.
1905 ��, Leightgon Calkins introduced the first set of Handicap System, and the U.S. Golf Association. Interestingly, Calkins after retirement to become a nudist.
1908, the U.S. official release of Golf Magazine, the magazine from the amateur champion Walter Travis, and Grantland Rice editing.
1909, the U.S. Golf Association regulations, the age of fifteen years of age who still back the club as a career, will lose amateur eligibility.
1910, the fourth U.S. Open champion Willie Anderson died at age 32, is said to cause the death of At that time, alcohol is actually a blanket term.
1911 ��, Charles Blair Macdonald built quite spectacular in New York State Long Island golf courses, most of which holes are inspired by the British and the best hole built. In the same year , members, the court called a classic.
1913, 20-year-old amateur Francis Quimet won the U.S. Open champion, was held at the country club game. Quimet race in Canada beat the best player in England Harry Vardon and Ted Ray.
1916, the Chicago amateur Chick Evans won in the same year became the first U.S. Amateur and U.S. Open champion player. The name later became a caddy scholarship program name, date, This is still the best charitable activities. The program has sent 7,000 caddies to college. In the same year, the U.S. PGA was founded and held its first PGA Championship, Jim Barnes won the championship.
1918 ��, Pine Valley opened, then George Crump passed away a few years, he was the discoverer of course, founder and principal payments. This court immediately after the creation of holes because of striking design and configuration as the Holy Land, but this course is very difficult to fight. Many today are hard to hit the holes have been removed.
1919, the land developers along the Monterey coast of Samuel Morse to the precious land for the construction of stadium, rather than build a house, so that the birth of a round beach golf course . 1920, Inverness host the U.S. Open, the greens were very poor, so the United States Golf Association created the green department, it is probably the biggest contribution since its establishment.
1921 years: the first one on golf specification appears to require that the ball not be heavier than 1.62 ounces, and not less than 1.62 inches in diameter, which previously provided because there is no uniform, ball weight and size have been various.
1922 years: U.S. Open sale of tickets. after watching the football match has been Admission is free, while this year produced the commercials into the marketing of tickets.
the same year, the first Walker Cup International Tournament was born in the year of the competition, United States United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland team beat. but then the wind the ball well, no one has extreme performance, and even no one rallying cry.
1923 years: Bobby Jones, 21, finally won a championship, the United States Open race, he at age 14 in 1916 known as the golf prodigy, but in the game but no large outstanding performance.
1924 years: the social celebrities Edith Cummings, also a 1923 U.S. Women's Amateur champion became the first one on the status, because long been used to make the shaft of the walnut production has been in short supply. had questions about the legality of the steel shaft is a decade of debate.
1927 years: This is a very important year , a lot of things happened.
The first is Walter Hagen won his fifth PGA Championship, and is the fourth in a row. when the game is six to twelve manner.
first Ryder Cup start , as the first Walker Cup, the United States beat Great Britain team once again did not force the order but still a good track, no one has as of today's players and fans the same excesses.
winter some of the original informal events combined into the U.S. PGA Which seat? best answer is round beach neighbor Cypress Point.
1930 years: Golf prodigy Bobby Jones shot a series of films and books, several films have been very successful show, he received a huge reward for this, but pay the cost is not small, not to give up amateur status.
into the thirties of one or more golf developments refined.
1931 ��, Bobby Jones shot a series of films and books, This is his amateur status at the expense of giving up, but he also received huge profits. then called United States Golf Association, the ball's size is increased to 1.68 inches, while the weight down to 1.55 oz. to the players, the benefit of the buoyancy of the new ball better, bad is difficult to control in the wind.
1932 years The first Curtis Cup competition, the Curtis sisters from Boston, and Margaret advocacy started, the U.S. team to win. Competition is conducted under a peaceful atmosphere, no one cry, but no one fist. In the same year, sand wedge to help Gene
Sarazen won both the U.S. and British Open champion, making the wedge became famous. or in the year, the Augusta National Golf Club, inaugurated the course designed by Alister Mackenzie, from Bobby Jones as a consultant.
1934, the Augusta club supported by the Bobby Jones Invitational Tournament held in Augusta, this game is the later Classic.
1935 ��, Gene Sarazen in the Augusta Club directly hit the fifteenth hole double eagle. In the same year, the Olympic hero Babe Didrikson decided to participate in major amateur tournament, and access to Texas Open champion, but for her to get money from other sports disqualified, this provision in 1944 was able to amendment. or this year, Glenna Collett Vare won the sixth U.S. Women's Amateur champion.
1936 ��, Johnny Fischer the U.S. Amateur Championship. He was the last wooden shaft to the players to win the U.S. national . then comes the Great Depression, around the stadium have closed. United States Golf Association club members from 1932 to 1148 dropped to 762.
1938 ��, San Snead won eight championships, received $ 19,534 The prize, which can be said at the time an astronomical figure. In the same year, the United States Golf Association to the maximum limit the original score from the 10 clubs expanded to 14.
1939 ��, Byron Nelson won the race in Canada U.S. Open champion.
1940 years, playing in the tournament this decade. Ha finally got to the first champion - North and South Open champion.
great World War II brought to the world trauma, golf has been so deeply affected. Here are the forties Golf Events:
1941 years, this is history, it was very memorable year, the year after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States Golf Association announced during World War II not to hold the U.S. Open, the same decision, and the First World War.
1942, the U.S. Open held at the Hale, but not the U.S. Open.
1943, the Augustus Tower Golf Club closed, cattle and turkeys walking in the fairway. In 1945, Byron Nelson in a ten-game winning streak, only the green pipe at the time the situation is not good, his scoring average this year still reached 68.3.
1946, was known as freckles woman Petty Berg won the first U.S. Women's Open champion. In the same year, agricultural scientist Glenn Burton received funding of U.S. golf, bred for the tropical climate of different grasses, so that United States Golf more popular areas in the sun.
1947, in a is a former PGA Tour the perpetrators.
1948, the first one come out and patented a golf cart. then some simple style, with the clutch lever and playing.
1950, the Golf Digest available, is Bill by the graduates of Northwestern University. David, Howard Gill and Jack Barnett co-founded. In the same year, LPGA established, there are twelve founding members.
fifties, the world is beginning to liven up golf.
1951 years a content is present. Copenhagen autobiographical film meeting successfully reached the world of golf rules uniform in the course of the meeting, they abolished the dual meet of the dilemma.
1952 ��, Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected U.S. president. He is the Arnold. Parma's friends, the two who contributed to the promotion of golf. His eight years in office, four fifth visit Augusta National golf course.
1953 years, the. Hagen won the Masters, U.S. Open and British Open three events champion.
1954 ��, Babe Didrikson Zaharis won the U.S. Women's Open champion, she is in the race after gastric cancer surgery two years later she died from stomach cancer. In the same year had held the first televised U.S. Open .
1957, Japan won the World Cup in golf, which set off a golf boom in Japan. Today, the Japanese still have a golf course outside the United States than any other country.
1958, the Arnold. Parma first times in winning the elite race, then got out of hand, and three times defending.
1960, the Arnold. Parma won the elite race, followed by titles and captured the U.S. Open, British Open runner-up in , and later attended the PGA Championship. In the same year, the United States Golf Association published Golf on the edge is already clear.
1961, the United States was forced to stop the only Caucasian PGA membership qualifications. In the same year, ABC Sports chief executive Roone Arledge have the opportunity to broadcast the British Open, in fact, he was the first recorded good game, then quickly sent to New York every other week to play.
1962, the first U.S. tour prize money totaling $ 100,000 in the tournament ended, Arnold. Parma win over, he said: frightened for their return has been $ 25,000. Three birdies, the game really exciting, the most �����-˹ race win in Canada.
1964 ��, Mickey Wright reelection fourth U.S. Women's Open champion, for a time a star.
1965 years Gary. Prell won the U.S. Open champion, after he had at the British Open and PGA Championship champion won, becoming the fourth winner to obtain some of the major players.
1966, in order to improve the situation is too slow to play, the game introduced to persuade its regional branches of the adoption of Handicap System, to take the players in the last two times the best ten scores back, ending decades of controversy. In the same year, Spalding researchers invented the modern two-story ball Bob Molitor, once available, to sweep market.
1968, at the long-term dispute, the U.S. PGA Tour players and the separation of the establishment of autonomous organizations mPGA Tour.
rules
golf tee in accordance with rules from the start, with hitting the ball once or continuously into the hole. At first glance, this is a very simple concept. However, being
as we know, from the tee to the hole in the process, players have to face many different situations, so we rule as many entries as many as 34.
1984 years ago, 41 rules of golf, and we have quoted above, that those remarks are rules 1. but the rules to further strengthen , people decided to put some of the basic principles of the beginning of the book. Rule 1 is divided into four parts. no part of the course is about a specific area or a specific situation. Instead, they are just basic questions and the concept of reasonable play. < br> As mentioned earlier, is basically a golf ball with a club reached the hole from the tee sports. Here the meaning is clear, players can only use the club, but not otherwise affected by the location of the ball or move the ball. This is the basic meaning of Rule 1-2. We may have seen this unfortunate situation, players hit the ball in the hole round and round the edge, while the player's fate is entirely in this one fell swoop, the ball players hole edge of the ground shaking beats and make your own hole in the ball rolling. If the player beats the ball is still rolling (see Rule 16-2), such behavior is considered to affect the movement of the ball in breach of the rules 1-2. (the ball does not move, if the player's beating led to the ball movement is a violation of the rules 18-2).
third part is that golf must be in accordance with the rules of golf. player or event The Commission can not choose which rules to use round. If the Commission to revise the rules, such as violation of rules 4-4a, to allow players with 14 or more clubs, then the punishment. they encountered in the rules of the game problem will not get the U.S. Golf Association and the Royal & Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews to help. And if there is a problem their own players, such as spikes in the unauthorized repair scratches on the putting green, were sentenced to golf in the principles to be ruled. USGA received thousands of letters each year questioned the rules of stationery, made under different circumstances they consider the most fair answer. However, they often mistakenly used the word results. their needs are not fair result but . In some cases, over 14. entire composition is determined depending on personal preference.
set of clubs usually include the following:
Irons: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, PW, SW
Woods: 1,3,5 and putter.
This does not mean that every play must carry the club. beginners can carry a Driver (1 wood) or 3-wood bar, the one 3,5,7, and 9-iron or S pole, plus a putter.
wood type
Driver: There are basically two types of wood, persimmon and Maple.? hard head usually persimmon wood.? sheet laminated (plywood) and head usually maple. sheets laminated wood club head is made to complicated. production process similar to the copy a key. The second species, is the most common head made of wood is maple. In general, 1 / 16 feet of maple plywood mounting panel is a similar way to suppress made. Such heat and pressure is mounting panel after Finally, make a similar persimmon wood club head. many golfers that the impact force persimmon wood head feels relatively hard, but this did not in fact. Some golfers prefer the laminated maple head on the ground that will more durable.
rod: Bao cast metal head is very popular, mainly because the proportion of peripheral through an additional control (this is not the original design intent, but the product of the casting process so that the weight distribution is more moderate.) Hollow cast stainless steel club head so as to avoid too heavy, hollow part of the noise usually polyurethane perfusion. there are many people noticed the head with a metal wood swing with or without a center can increase the distance hit.
graphite: Rod commonly used material body made of graphite are often used to head. two slightly different production technology. graphite prepreg gel mixed ABS plastic, and within the injection molding head. The second version is based on epoxy prepreg made of gel, and then the mixture is compressed into a mold. graphite head made of wood and metal head weight and the same, but head size is usually larger than usual. so can increase the But test results do not confirm that the head of graphite head better than the other materials, or swing farther.
increase the size: increase the size of the head generally recognized, usually made of stainless steel or graphite, sweet spot The area is relatively large. even when hitting off-center, but also allows the flight track farther, straighter. If you use the stainless steel head, face must be thinner to maintain the overall weight of normal (1, Woods was 191 - 205 g ). This will cause some metal woods rupture or concave face. So some manufacturers are introducing medium-sized metal wood, so as big as the sweet spot, but remained unchanged in order to avoid the thickness of head concave.
rod composite face: To meet the increasing size of the head, manufacturers are beginning to use face insert (usually a plastic, graphite or lightweight metal). This can result in a larger size of the face, but do not worry rupture or concave face. This can also reduce the overall weight of the club face. to the metal wood, the face insert is a very innovative design, the action on the swing and the ability to tolerate errors in any test results yet published.
China Golf
development of golf in China, late start, the development is quite rapid.
Golf first came to China in 1916, and then in 1917 began when the Shanghai Hongqiao Golf Association put into operation, this course is a nine-hole course, but the sport was a long time silent in mainland China. By the mid-eighties of the twentieth century, the rise of golf in China again, and an alarming pace up.
1985 �� 5 24, the China Golf Association was formally established in Beijing, which is a national mass sports organization, the All-China Sports Federation of the group members whose function is to promote, organize the masses to actively to participate in golf; international competition organized to promote the international exchange; various national organizations, competitions and training at all levels; develop the management system, competition system and the athletes, coaches, referees technical level system; organization coach members, referees, athletes training; select and recommend a national team coaches, athletes, responsible for organizing the team focused and participate in the competition; organization of scientific research work. to the present, the development of golf in China is still very much difference in the world, This is of course the economic situation in China has some relationship, but golf in China is still not the cause of the formation of industry there are many, including cost, management, market positioning, business, etc. are very immature. Even so, however, thirteen billion people is a very large market potential. and the development of golf in China in recent years, showing a trend of accelerated, so you can say this is a very promising industry.
let you know, from the basics!
golf golf has a special charm of a movement. It is the people in the natural elegance of the natural green environment, exercise, strive to improve the skills of the activities. The first to involve the North of Scotland to play golf Coast soldiers, then gradually rise to civil court and nobility and a strong interest in youth and eventually became a tradition in Scotland project. later passed to England. nineteenth century spread to the Americas, Australia and South Africa, the twentieth century to Asia. As The earliest golf popular in the court and nobility, coupled with expensive equipment, golf courses, it is There are several golf origin of the Dutch has not been recognized that golf originated in Scotland, saying they believe is the origin of the first Golf in the Netherlands. Dutch to a man named And they think that the movement of goods through bilateral trade pass into Scotland. However, many people do not agree. Opponents pointed out: This is the most fundamental and essential difference between the two! it, there is no angle! So, people do not agree with the statement Golf originated in the Netherlands.
1457 years: the first formulation of the Scottish Parliament a bill on the golf king Jim banned golf because it was obsessed with it because a lot of soldiers items shipped
move, with the bow to play, ignoring the training.
1637 years: the cruel thing! a little boy for stealing the golf was alive, anyway. then golf really is very expensive, and the great reputation of the sport so long things.
1743 years: the first set of written golf clubs shipped to Hong Kong from Leith Scotland to Charleston, South Carolina United States, Hong Kong.
1744 years: Edinburgh Friends of Golf Association has developed the world's first rules of golf, and announced in clear text, a total of thirteen, including a provision to from the As the footprints of the King of England and widely. In the same year, the Royal Calcutta Golf Club of India was officially opened, the existing British Isles this is the oldest golf course outside.
1848 years: the first from the feather golf change into a body The gutta percha material, which is a similar to the rubber, the material used to guide the root project.
1860 years: the first British Open start, there were only eight professionals participated in the competition at Prestwick Stadium, twelve hole golf course, players play three rounds of the day. Willie Park's total score is 174, two shots to beat the old Tom. Maurice, won the championship.
1872 years: Tom. Maurice s won the British Open four times, tying the record set by his father.
1888 ��: St.Andrews creation of Yonkers in New York. It is the oldest still in operation the U.S. club.
1894 years: five co-founded the United States Golf Club United States Golf Association, two of which also held a invention of great significance, so that all golfers hit the ball 15 yards from the rally overnight it seems.
1902, the East Liya Sang State University students that Harvard in the intercollegiate championships five consecutive championships.
In 1903, smoking a cigar Walter Travis won the British Amateur at age forty champion, because he used the strange Schenectady putter, so almost no one cheers. Seven years later, R & A ban on the use of race This shaft is connected to the head of the club, the ban lasted until 1952.
1905 ��, Leightgon Calkins introduced the first set of Handicap System, and the U.S. Golf Association. Interestingly, Calkins after retirement to become a nudist.
1908, the U.S. official release of Golf Magazine, the magazine from the amateur champion Walter Travis, and Grantland Rice editing.
1909, the U.S. Golf Association regulations, the age of fifteen years of age who still back the club as a career, will lose amateur eligibility.
1910, the fourth U.S. Open champion Willie Anderson died at age 32, is said to cause the death of At that time, alcohol is actually a blanket term.
1911 ��, Charles Blair Macdonald built quite spectacular in New York State Long Island golf courses, most of which holes are inspired by the British and the best hole built. In the same year , members, the court called a classic.
1913, 20-year-old amateur Francis Quimet won the U.S. Open champion, was held at the country club game. Quimet race in Canada beat the best player in England Harry Vardon and Ted Ray.
1916, the Chicago amateur Chick Evans won in the same year became the first U.S. Amateur and U.S. Open champion player. The name later became a caddy scholarship program name, date, This is still the best charitable activities. The program has sent 7,000 caddies to college. In the same year, the U.S. PGA was founded and held its first PGA Championship, Jim Barnes won the championship.
1918 ��, Pine Valley opened, then George Crump passed away a few years, he was the discoverer of course, founder and principal payments. This court immediately after the creation of holes because of striking design and configuration as the Holy Land, but this course is very difficult to fight. Many today are hard to hit the holes have been removed.
1919, the land developers along the Monterey coast of Samuel Morse to the precious land for the construction of stadium, rather than build a house, so that the birth of a round beach golf course . 1920, Inverness host the U.S. Open, the greens were very poor, so the United States Golf Association created the green department, it is probably the biggest contribution since its establishment.
1921 years: the first one on golf specification appears to require that the ball not be heavier than 1.62 ounces, and not less than 1.62 inches in diameter, which previously provided because there is no uniform, ball weight and size have been various.
1922 years: U.S. Open sale of tickets. after watching the football match has been Admission is free, while this year produced the commercials into the marketing of tickets.
the same year, the first Walker Cup International Tournament was born in the year of the competition, United States United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland team beat. but then the wind the ball well, no one has extreme performance, and even no one rallying cry.
1923 years: Bobby Jones, 21, finally won a championship, the United States Open race, he at age 14 in 1916 known as the golf prodigy, but in the game but no large outstanding performance.
1924 years: the social celebrities Edith Cummings, also a 1923 U.S. Women's Amateur champion became the first one on the status, because long been used to make the shaft of the walnut production has been in short supply. had questions about the legality of the steel shaft is a decade of debate.
1927 years: This is a very important year , a lot of things happened.
The first is Walter Hagen won his fifth PGA Championship, and is the fourth in a row. when the game is six to twelve manner.
first Ryder Cup start , as the first Walker Cup, the United States beat Great Britain team once again did not force the order but still a good track, no one has as of today's players and fans the same excesses.
winter some of the original informal events combined into the U.S. PGA Which seat? best answer is round beach neighbor Cypress Point.
1930 years: Golf prodigy Bobby Jones shot a series of films and books, several films have been very successful show, he received a huge reward for this, but pay the cost is not small, not to give up amateur status.
into the thirties of one or more golf developments refined.
1931 ��, Bobby Jones shot a series of films and books, This is his amateur status at the expense of giving up, but he also received huge profits. then called United States Golf Association, the ball's size is increased to 1.68 inches, while the weight down to 1.55 oz. to the players, the benefit of the buoyancy of the new ball better, bad is difficult to control in the wind.
1932 years The first Curtis Cup competition, the Curtis sisters from Boston, and Margaret advocacy started, the U.S. team to win. Competition is conducted under a peaceful atmosphere, no one cry, but no one fist. In the same year, sand wedge to help Gene
Sarazen won both the U.S. and British Open champion, making the wedge became famous. or in the year, the Augusta National Golf Club, inaugurated the course designed by Alister Mackenzie, from Bobby Jones as a consultant.
1934, the Augusta club supported by the Bobby Jones Invitational Tournament held in Augusta, this game is the later Classic.
1935 ��, Gene Sarazen in the Augusta Club directly hit the fifteenth hole double eagle. In the same year, the Olympic hero Babe Didrikson decided to participate in major amateur tournament, and access to Texas Open champion, but for her to get money from other sports disqualified, this provision in 1944 was able to amendment. or this year, Glenna Collett Vare won the sixth U.S. Women's Amateur champion.
1936 ��, Johnny Fischer the U.S. Amateur Championship. He was the last wooden shaft to the players to win the U.S. national . then comes the Great Depression, around the stadium have closed. United States Golf Association club members from 1932 to 1148 dropped to 762.
1938 ��, San Snead won eight championships, received $ 19,534 The prize, which can be said at the time an astronomical figure. In the same year, the United States Golf Association to the maximum limit the original score from the 10 clubs expanded to 14.
1939 ��, Byron Nelson won the race in Canada U.S. Open champion.
1940 years, playing in the tournament this decade. Ha finally got to the first champion - North and South Open champion.
great World War II brought to the world trauma, golf has been so deeply affected. Here are the forties Golf Events:
1941 years, this is history, it was very memorable year, the year after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States Golf Association announced during World War II not to hold the U.S. Open, the same decision, and the First World War.
1942, the U.S. Open held at the Hale, but not the U.S. Open.
1943, the Augustus Tower Golf Club closed, cattle and turkeys walking in the fairway. In 1945, Byron Nelson in a ten-game winning streak, only the green pipe at the time the situation is not good, his scoring average this year still reached 68.3.
1946, was known as freckles woman Petty Berg won the first U.S. Women's Open champion. In the same year, agricultural scientist Glenn Burton received funding of U.S. golf, bred for the tropical climate of different grasses, so that United States Golf more popular areas in the sun.
1947, in a is a former PGA Tour the perpetrators.
1948, the first one come out and patented a golf cart. then some simple style, with the clutch lever and playing.
1950, the Golf Digest available, is Bill by the graduates of Northwestern University. David, Howard Gill and Jack Barnett co-founded. In the same year, LPGA established, there are twelve founding members.
fifties, the world is beginning to liven up golf.
1951 years a content is present. Copenhagen autobiographical film meeting successfully reached the world of golf rules uniform in the course of the meeting, they abolished the dual meet of the dilemma.
1952 ��, Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected U.S. president. He is the Arnold. Parma's friends, the two who contributed to the promotion of golf. His eight years in office, four fifth visit Augusta National golf course.
1953 years, the. Hagen won the Masters, U.S. Open and British Open three events champion.
1954 ��, Babe Didrikson Zaharis won the U.S. Women's Open champion, she is in the race after gastric cancer surgery two years later she died from stomach cancer. In the same year had held the first televised U.S. Open .
1957, Japan won the World Cup in golf, which set off a golf boom in Japan. Today, the Japanese still have a golf course outside the United States than any other country.
1958, the Arnold. Parma first times in winning the elite race, then got out of hand, and three times defending.
1960, the Arnold. Parma won the elite race, followed by titles and captured the U.S. Open, British Open runner-up in , and later attended the PGA Championship. In the same year, the United States Golf Association published Golf on the edge is already clear.
1961, the United States was forced to stop the only Caucasian PGA membership qualifications. In the same year, ABC Sports chief executive Roone Arledge have the opportunity to broadcast the British Open, in fact, he was the first recorded good game, then quickly sent to New York every other week to play.
1962, the first U.S. tour prize money totaling $ 100,000 in the tournament ended, Arnold. Parma win over, he said: frightened for their return has been $ 25,000. Three birdies, the game really exciting, the most �����-˹ race win in Canada.
1964 ��, Mickey Wright reelection fourth U.S. Women's Open champion, for a time a star.
1965 years Gary. Prell won the U.S. Open champion, after he had at the British Open and PGA Championship champion won, becoming the fourth winner to obtain some of the major players.
1966, in order to improve the situation is too slow to play, the game introduced to persuade its regional branches of the adoption of Handicap System, to take the players in the last two times the best ten scores back, ending decades of controversy. In the same year, Spalding researchers invented the modern two-story ball Bob Molitor, once available, to sweep market.
1968, at the long-term dispute, the U.S. PGA Tour players and the separation of the establishment of autonomous organizations mPGA Tour.
rules
golf tee in accordance with rules from the start, with hitting the ball once or continuously into the hole. At first glance, this is a very simple concept. However, being
as we know, from the tee to the hole in the process, players have to face many different situations, so we rule as many entries as many as 34.
1984 years ago, 41 rules of golf, and we have quoted above, that those remarks are rules 1. but the rules to further strengthen , people decided to put some of the basic principles of the beginning of the book. Rule 1 is divided into four parts. no part of the course is about a specific area or a specific situation. Instead, they are just basic questions and the concept of reasonable play. < br> As mentioned earlier, is basically a golf ball with a club reached the hole from the tee sports. Here the meaning is clear, players can only use the club, but not otherwise affected by the location of the ball or move the ball. This is the basic meaning of Rule 1-2. We may have seen this unfortunate situation, players hit the ball in the hole round and round the edge, while the player's fate is entirely in this one fell swoop, the ball players hole edge of the ground shaking beats and make your own hole in the ball rolling. If the player beats the ball is still rolling (see Rule 16-2), such behavior is considered to affect the movement of the ball in breach of the rules 1-2. (the ball does not move, if the player's beating led to the ball movement is a violation of the rules 18-2).
third part is that golf must be in accordance with the rules of golf. player or event The Commission can not choose which rules to use round. If the Commission to revise the rules, such as violation of rules 4-4a, to allow players with 14 or more clubs, then the punishment. they encountered in the rules of the game problem will not get the U.S. Golf Association and the Royal & Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews to help. And if there is a problem their own players, such as spikes in the unauthorized repair scratches on the putting green, were sentenced to golf in the principles to be ruled. USGA received thousands of letters each year questioned the rules of stationery, made under different circumstances they consider the most fair answer. However, they often mistakenly used the word results. their needs are not fair result but . In some cases, over 14. entire composition is determined depending on personal preference.
set of clubs usually include the following:
Irons: 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, PW, SW
Woods: 1,3,5 and putter.
This does not mean that every play must carry the club. beginners can carry a Driver (1 wood) or 3-wood bar, the one 3,5,7, and 9-iron or S pole, plus a putter.
wood type
Driver: There are basically two types of wood, persimmon and Maple.? hard head usually persimmon wood.? sheet laminated (plywood) and head usually maple. sheets laminated wood club head is made to complicated. production process similar to the copy a key. The second species, is the most common head made of wood is maple. In general, 1 / 16 feet of maple plywood mounting panel is a similar way to suppress made. Such heat and pressure is mounting panel after Finally, make a similar persimmon wood club head. many golfers that the impact force persimmon wood head feels relatively hard, but this did not in fact. Some golfers prefer the laminated maple head on the ground that will more durable.
rod: Bao cast metal head is very popular, mainly because the proportion of peripheral through an additional control (this is not the original design intent, but the product of the casting process so that the weight distribution is more moderate.) Hollow cast stainless steel club head so as to avoid too heavy, hollow part of the noise usually polyurethane perfusion. there are many people noticed the head with a metal wood swing with or without a center can increase the distance hit.
graphite: Rod commonly used material body made of graphite are often used to head. two slightly different production technology. graphite prepreg gel mixed ABS plastic, and within the injection molding head. The second version is based on epoxy prepreg made of gel, and then the mixture is compressed into a mold. graphite head made of wood and metal head weight and the same, but head size is usually larger than usual. so can increase the But test results do not confirm that the head of graphite head better than the other materials, or swing farther.
increase the size: increase the size of the head generally recognized, usually made of stainless steel or graphite, sweet spot The area is relatively large. even when hitting off-center, but also allows the flight track farther, straighter. If you use the stainless steel head, face must be thinner to maintain the overall weight of normal (1, Woods was 191 - 205 g ). This will cause some metal woods rupture or concave face. So some manufacturers are introducing medium-sized metal wood, so as big as the sweet spot, but remained unchanged in order to avoid the thickness of head concave.
rod composite face: To meet the increasing size of the head, manufacturers are beginning to use face insert (usually a plastic, graphite or lightweight metal). This can result in a larger size of the face, but do not worry rupture or concave face. This can also reduce the overall weight of the club face. to the metal wood, the face insert is a very innovative design, the action on the swing and the ability to tolerate errors in any test results yet published.
China Golf
development of golf in China, late start, the development is quite rapid.
Golf first came to China in 1916, and then in 1917 began when the Shanghai Hongqiao Golf Association put into operation, this course is a nine-hole course, but the sport was a long time silent in mainland China. By the mid-eighties of the twentieth century, the rise of golf in China again, and an alarming pace up.
1985 �� 5 24, the China Golf Association was formally established in Beijing, which is a national mass sports organization, the All-China Sports Federation of the group members whose function is to promote, organize the masses to actively to participate in golf; international competition organized to promote the international exchange; various national organizations, competitions and training at all levels; develop the management system, competition system and the athletes, coaches, referees technical level system; organization coach members, referees, athletes training; select and recommend a national team coaches, athletes, responsible for organizing the team focused and participate in the competition; organization of scientific research work. to the present, the development of golf in China is still very much difference in the world, This is of course the economic situation in China has some relationship, but golf in China is still not the cause of the formation of industry there are many, including cost, management, market positioning, business, etc. are very immature. Even so, however, thirteen billion people is a very large market potential. and the development of golf in China in recent years, showing a trend of accelerated, so you can say this is a very promising industry.
let you know, from the basics!
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
AC won the Champions League, and hell, hell!!!
This morning, AC Milan in the Champions League 2-1 win over Liverpool last won the championship. My heart is not great! It really have to go back two years ago ....< br> Champions League final two years ago, is two teams, however, the results of the game is completely different. Liverpool to a perfect, classic reversal, ending the game. two years ago, Park also Eredivisie's Ai Yinhuo temperature, the corps reached the semi-finals, but, finally, is planted in the hands of AC Milan, when, really felt very sorry, very sad. My dear could not stand in the final Park stadium. However, some comfort from the fact in the final, Liverpool, AC Milan helped me off was really pleased for Liverpool!
two years later, Park Ji-sung as if God gave me a joke. Park has now been moved to the United , and this year is the Champions League semi-final with Manchester United and AC, the result, and like two years ago, Park podium again with the highest pass of the Champions League. And the final, there is AC and Liverpool, and I still like the two years ago, looking forward to Liverpool to help me, very dramatic, in the end you'll never guess, but I think this is the magic of football it!
two years later, Park Ji-sung as if God gave me a joke. Park has now been moved to the United , and this year is the Champions League semi-final with Manchester United and AC, the result, and like two years ago, Park podium again with the highest pass of the Champions League. And the final, there is AC and Liverpool, and I still like the two years ago, looking forward to Liverpool to help me, very dramatic, in the end you'll never guess, but I think this is the magic of football it!
Monday, December 20, 2010
Hanyu Hai China's socialist tradition and contemporary issues related to (b)
Han Yuhai: Contemporary China's socialist tradition and related issues (b)
in writing worldwide free trade and world markets, will give the world the benefits and the interests of equality that, aware of the pessimistic attitude on this point, he did not even Marx was less optimistic. Why? because it is precisely Smith see: only with each other before the European powers to follow market principles, and other parts of the world are resorting to force and national plunder. on the history of capitalism has the most comprehensive study of the Fernand Braudel also clearly pointed out, capitalism in the treatment of the proletariat and the oppressed nations, when used, has always been a means of state violence, rather than a means of market exchange, he is in this sense that capitalism is , in support of Mao's China, the world's poorest countries Vietnam, also home to the U.S. to fight back. in the United States withdraw from Vietnam soon, a Western economist in commemoration of aware of a new era, he said: It is Mao's path of armed revolution for national liberation and against the 300 years of military arrogance of capitalism, forcing the first time they seriously consider giving up predatory mode of force, use of market the potentials and to establish the significance of the world market. economists recognize this outstanding: market equality, first of all rooted in equality will be able to quell those kinds of autocratic countries, so that they can not unjust, which shows respect for the rights. and a little reasonable international economic order , a satellite launched in 1970, 1971, President Nyerere of Tanzania, the United Nations back in the day that China put on rises in the east .1972 years. the United States finally to the east from the Pacific end of the extended hand of peace, mm reversed world order, a company of the year Smith also can not imagine the arrival of a new era of with the 1972 is a great turning point in the world: China and embarked on a comprehensive open to the world.
If you do not understand the the basic unit of movement, do not understand it because there is no such creation, in this century is how the Chinese economic expansion in the weak and poor, without an understanding of Mao Zedong in which the Why does modern reform movement in China since the goal is a strong country. I am afraid more difficult to understand: the long-term exposure such as Mao Zedong and the lower social movement leaders in the revolutionary movement of people, and sometimes had to tend to from the perspective of ;, you have do not understand this country is through the it is precisely through the various public, against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism revolution), and if so, we will never understand the Chinese state discourse and state practice, why do contain words such as ; order and resistance br> One of the important achievements of socialism in China is a powerful revolutionary state. socialist revolution in China, is the great legacy of the Mao era. And to understand Mao's function, social protection and social revolution function, to understand as where the role and status of the State. Since the modern state system exists in the capitalist hegemony, the so each country have similar types of exercise of power side, Mao's China is no exception. in the power hierarchy, the so-called strong and external, that is, relative to competing countries, it means the territory of constantly accumulating in their ability to accumulate capital, including the ability to restrict the enemy's military capability to protect the domestic market and the weak capacity of new industries, their labor and the constraints undermine the competitive advantage of these countries the ability of cheap labor and so on. This country is certainly not a simple believe in other producers of similar products produced more economically competitive, the free trade is consistent with its requirements, Mao Zedong's national economic policy is to increase the country's borders by a few powerful persons the maximum cost of transaction, the purpose is to make the international relations and trade more balanced, and from this point of view, a fundamental solution of Mao Zedong in the Chinese history from the late Qing has been a wide variety of power problems. (Note IX)
second, that is, between the state and the people, the people must be living in the dominant position of the problem. this complex relationship in: Mao Zedong (especially old age) tenaciously and stubbornly insist on maintaining the legitimacy of the mass movement, the country's political revolution and modern features culture the vast space.
according to the modern nation-state theory, the modern state is not only a Mao Zedong Thought, the contents of those was the most controversial questions to us: the relationship between the state and the people in the case, who is the subject? beyond the people on the violence in the country, the people and the people's revolutionary violence is legitimate? or incomplete if the State is not the subject of modern history, if Mao's China can not be simply equated with the European sense of the modern nation-state, or the former Soviet countries , then Mao's ? What is the difference? (Note Ten)
Mao Zedong in China and the world left a great, rich and complex heritage, but also for his behind in the reform created a practical and ideological terms. of Mao's China and words, if the production capacity from the national point of view, it is difficult to arrive at a drawn on the consumption structure, since the Mao era, the consumption structure of the capitalist system than reasonable. (Note k) In fact, only during the Mao era in China prepare for the next sizeable public resources and goods from, the importance of personal interests and the reform of market exchange to take place. We must not be avoided mentioning this.
years from 1976-1984, the successor to Mao Zedong in the direction along the one hand, continue to increase in the rural country of seeds, fertilizers and other basic production data inputs, substantial increase in food prices, on the other hand, decisive for the management of rural production has made bold reforms, the use of market management. It is through the strengthening of rural infrastructure and reform the irrational management of the two aspects that led to the take-off of agriculture in China, which Mao Zedong's socialist development.
first of these reforms, including management reforms: the dissolution of communes in rural areas is the management system, restoration of basic unit, the appropriate use and encourage desires, respect for the small producers in China Strong management of the family tradition. However, all this can not replace one of the most crucial factor: the original National Socialist factors. rural reform is the essence of not only desires to encourage farmers to use and give the the end of the Sino-US relations with Mao Zedong to open the door, the country thirty sets of large chemical fertilizer production, food production is the key short-term growth, but 60 years since the beginning of the use of hybrid rice technology and other varieties, it constitutes a long-term basis for food production take-off . By 1976, China finally realized the vision of Mao Zedong: Full grain per mu, more reasonable and equitable relationship. It was this series of national privatization, does not mean return to traditional farming methods, but does not mean abolition of public ownership of social relations, especially, it really is to strengthen, rather than the collapse of public resources in rural areas targeted. This is reflected in: National control of land is not in circulation and acquisitions, through the establishment of local townships and village reserve of public funds, support of public administration and public finance, including the five guarantees to help vulnerable groups such as the development of rural education, and to achieve reunification by the combination of the interests of the adjustment. it all to the Agriculture bring development, but also to bring stability in rural areas. (Note Twelve)
success of rural reform process is a complex series of consolidated results, but together, not so much by the efficiency, but rather that after nearly 30 years of development and accumulation, China is facing the management of social production and social resources to adjust the allocation of new issues. conform to the contemporary issues of reform, the core is the management reform and distribution of the reform, it must be resolved, in fact, the so-called Mao Zedong: management too dead, put too much, leaving too little of the macroeconomic imbalances. Therefore, the fundamental achievements of the reform, so much the development of a agriculture and rural economy development.
1976-1884 years of reform has achieved remarkable success of the reason lies in the socialist countries, social protection and social justice assigned a strong role in the functioning of the state during the basic aspects of the redistribution of economic power adhere to the principles of social justice, and the achievement of justice, but also depends on the state strong regulatory capacity and a relatively strong financial strength, in turn, mm, whether people are willing to admit that all of Mao Zedong in large part it is high accumulation of the times, color, reflected in its distinctive social control, mobilization and social welfare function, it was Mao Zedong and other Chinese socialists Chinese design features for the new one is long and the Chinese revolution, construction and reform to give the ; a distinct role and function.
other words, a country can achieve macroeconomic balance and coordination, one is to see if it has the ability, and the second is to see if it has this desire. and 1980 early precisely this combination of socialist China. In other words: in the 1980s the political stability and economic growth, the actual build on the strong state control over society as a whole above, however, this control capability can not be reduced to simple to implement strong control by the state, when the leader of a reform of definitely the right idea. This is because the elimination of the three differences of the Chinese revolution to achieve social equality is the goal of socialist legality of China's political functions and to ensure the early .1980 reform is not merely the result of economic development and a general increase in personal income, but positive interaction between all levels of society in general benefit from the state to mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society, and efforts to these known as the a period of irrational state management reform efforts to promote economic and political reform, promote reform and the ideology of intellectuals and social base (especially the peasantry) directly feel the benefits of reform, these three aspects of the interaction reform of 1980, as more important stage, the stage of achievements, is still with the maintenance and extension of social protection as part of the conditions, in particular: to reform the various forms of unreasonable monopoly relations and relations of production as the goal, to adhere to the conditions and the expansion of socialist democracy. But, no denying that this period is removal program, the masses of the people are the masters of the subject of special class interests and to maintain the reality explicit relationship between the various monopolies and relations of production as the main demands of the final forming of a the Chinese economy into a modern commercial economy in the process, making the scale of economic development is much greater than in the past, much more complex, therefore, need to continuously explore new things, solve new problems.
in the process of modern commodity economy exchange activity status gradually improved. The areas of China in the market and the exchange of problems mainly in two aspects: First, although from rural to urban, and grass-roots in the social life and there are a large number of market traders, shop and daily exchange activities, but these activities have not been active encouragement and support. Second, the upper area of the exchange, although the National Bank has been carrying out programs of credit and investment, countries have been engaged in considerable national and international scale trade activities, such as the Canton Fair and other large trading activities have been held, but simply state the way programs and administrative directives, also had management problems hampered the development of the market. Therefore, the expansion and development objectives of the socialist commodity economy are two aspects: One: As rural reform era, to encourage the exchange of primary fields, the development of markets, shops and daily exchange activities. Second, from the strict and effective point of view, to strengthen the exchange of the upper areas of management, banks and domestic and international trade management reform. In short, the core of the reform is: How in the production / exchange between the establishment of a vibrant economy and more balanced.
However, the School its the reform of the upper management of the exchange field goal, but rather to quickly create a III). is to encourage be in the assessment and then to the National Bank sets its mortgage against the huge amounts of money. Here, the state not to be deceived, that is, made a ridiculous mistake. States have forgotten their own land ownership, banks and their capital is the people, and state-owned land be mortgaged to the bank, the bank's money is paid to a private m developers. a so-called the balance of production and exchange, is one such guide to its opposite: the formation of the harmful economic and social equilibrium, ; class businessmen and entrepreneurs to establish dominant position ; contract ; second land reform ; rapid completion of the process of primitive accumulation of capital in China. This is unprecedented in the history of socialism for decades great changes, a large accumulation. Second, the process is complete and requires the State, together, but also to the rapid shrinkage of state tax revenue, the state regulatory capacity of the rapid decline in the price. Third, the big change, a large accumulation in the absence of democratic supervision, and legal guarantees of the rapid completion of the case. Conservative called for the rationalization of the national system of excluding people based on the premise of the way social movements, according to this design, political activities have been gradually understood as to abandon the social mobilization, social protection and social organization (which was once an important state function), but simply as a This trend to ; the changes in order to the country's basic constraints, as the Ever since, what is the essence of reform issues, was officially put forward. In other words, the market economy and modernization of what makes some people actually benefit, which damaged some of the people of Marxist and Maoist such a question has been put forward. And since 1984, and around the market-oriented Group's interest, then, price reform can not get their support, it can not be successful. This is actually not an alarmist. Facts have proved only partially and only they can see the real underlying causes of social crisis in 1989. (Note Ten d) mm, of course, they are from the perspective of safeguarding vested interests, from the perspective of the far right to see. And the most amazing is, when the Chinese intellectuals, almost no one even raised: whether the price reform the interests of ordinary people in China what it means, and no one ever made: how to safeguard the interests of ordinary people, the masses of the people to fight to the correct path of market reforms to prevent the reform of the public towards the fundamental interests of the people is not conducive to the direction of tilt of the appeal . The results, separated from the analysis of specific social interests of the abstract price reform, subjected to threats and temptations from the vested interests, but also has not been broad public support, but the rebound caused by the general public, in 1989 finally led to serious social crisis.
1989 social crisis is a profound lesson. For the root of this crisis, reflection, allows us to return to the teachings of Marx, that is: the reality of economic activity can not but be a system arrangement, specific economic activities inevitably require specific social relations and institutional arrangements to ensure, therefore, the shift will be the next target of reform is defined as price regulation, interests of the bourgeoisie have not been liquidated because they the inevitable law, is a so-called kinds of economics: you are Chinese, the people of the economics, or economics of monopoly capital? such a challenge, but once again asked us to return to a realistic understanding of the relations of production: economics, as the reality of the relationship between production activities described It must include economic activities and institutional arrangements in these two areas, as economic activity is within the complex social relations, we can not make an abstract idea of market activity to institutional arrangements social reasons.
Similarly, it is precisely because the social relations of production, including at least economic activities and institutional arrangements for the two aspects of this interaction, simple resort to democratization, must include the institutional arrangements of economic activities and the democratization of the democratization of state functions, in this sense, the so-called democracy is always relative to the modern countries, that it is not required to cancel the state, but for the expansion of the country democratic functions. This is because: Economic activity is always embedded in its social conditions, as from the social relations and economic conditions of the form of autonomous operation in fact does not exist, so that even the demand for economic freedom, can not be simply understood as the political system and get rid of the structure of other cultures, but how to reform, restrict, expand the system to create free competition and fair exchange conditions. even for the free market, not the same as the general objection to state intervention, It should be further understood as a protector against the state become a monopoly, and through social mobilization of the country's democratic struggle to function, make countries through price regulation and other factors to protect the real competition in the market, most people's fundamental interests. And it is is not seen and clearly the use of this country before the price reforms in 1989, lost their alliance with the masses of the people the opportunity to avoid the loss of the social costs to maximize the opportunity to make the new authority of the elements and elements of neo-liberalism has the opportunity, leading to a serious social crisis, making the socialist cause suffered a great loss.
This is why, said: democracy is the country's democracy is the absolute abolition of the State and therefore there is no democracy (Lenin ). However, since the mid-80s, when the The simple fact is canceled, forget the state has a different, the fact that various functions. The results, in the abstract negation of the process of the country, was abandoned, had been rejected, but in fact some features of the country, particularly its social security function and the democratic function, at the same time, the state's economic functions and features are unprecedented in the market strengthened. It is this criticism of the abstract state to fool the public to cover up the new liberals of specific anti-people objectives, the collapse of the country's social protection and including and the vague description, but we have to do it, is to this highly ambiguous and abstract into the concrete social relations critical to observe, fully aware of the most conservative aspect of this trend can be generated major social background and practical conditions. Since encourage Therefore, this part of the force should not be regarded as purely economic benefit the whole social relations and a genuine democratization of the relations of production.
privileged interest groups to form a target of the the economic and between national and local imbalance between. It is not only committed to the production / exchange equilibrium toward the opposite direction of reform, but also will focus on central / local balance of macroeconomic reforms toward opposite. It is not only from the extreme right side of the reconstruction of reality, and disintegration of the system, but also to China from this side to be re-invented modern history. Therefore, since the late Qing a serious imbalance of power between the reality with together. This not a revolution and people's democratic state, but entrenched in the southeast coast of the handful of Yuan.
how should we evaluate this anti-historical narrative it? from the late Qing Dynasty, a direction of reform. The goal is to hand power to means. It is this ...
in writing worldwide free trade and world markets, will give the world the benefits and the interests of equality that, aware of the pessimistic attitude on this point, he did not even Marx was less optimistic. Why? because it is precisely Smith see: only with each other before the European powers to follow market principles, and other parts of the world are resorting to force and national plunder. on the history of capitalism has the most comprehensive study of the Fernand Braudel also clearly pointed out, capitalism in the treatment of the proletariat and the oppressed nations, when used, has always been a means of state violence, rather than a means of market exchange, he is in this sense that capitalism is , in support of Mao's China, the world's poorest countries Vietnam, also home to the U.S. to fight back. in the United States withdraw from Vietnam soon, a Western economist in commemoration of aware of a new era, he said: It is Mao's path of armed revolution for national liberation and against the 300 years of military arrogance of capitalism, forcing the first time they seriously consider giving up predatory mode of force, use of market the potentials and to establish the significance of the world market. economists recognize this outstanding: market equality, first of all rooted in equality will be able to quell those kinds of autocratic countries, so that they can not unjust, which shows respect for the rights. and a little reasonable international economic order , a satellite launched in 1970, 1971, President Nyerere of Tanzania, the United Nations back in the day that China put on rises in the east .1972 years. the United States finally to the east from the Pacific end of the extended hand of peace, mm reversed world order, a company of the year Smith also can not imagine the arrival of a new era of with the 1972 is a great turning point in the world: China and embarked on a comprehensive open to the world.
If you do not understand the the basic unit of movement, do not understand it because there is no such creation, in this century is how the Chinese economic expansion in the weak and poor, without an understanding of Mao Zedong in which the Why does modern reform movement in China since the goal is a strong country. I am afraid more difficult to understand: the long-term exposure such as Mao Zedong and the lower social movement leaders in the revolutionary movement of people, and sometimes had to tend to from the perspective of ;, you have do not understand this country is through the it is precisely through the various public, against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism revolution), and if so, we will never understand the Chinese state discourse and state practice, why do contain words such as ; order and resistance br> One of the important achievements of socialism in China is a powerful revolutionary state. socialist revolution in China, is the great legacy of the Mao era. And to understand Mao's function, social protection and social revolution function, to understand as where the role and status of the State. Since the modern state system exists in the capitalist hegemony, the so each country have similar types of exercise of power side, Mao's China is no exception. in the power hierarchy, the so-called strong and external, that is, relative to competing countries, it means the territory of constantly accumulating in their ability to accumulate capital, including the ability to restrict the enemy's military capability to protect the domestic market and the weak capacity of new industries, their labor and the constraints undermine the competitive advantage of these countries the ability of cheap labor and so on. This country is certainly not a simple believe in other producers of similar products produced more economically competitive, the free trade is consistent with its requirements, Mao Zedong's national economic policy is to increase the country's borders by a few powerful persons the maximum cost of transaction, the purpose is to make the international relations and trade more balanced, and from this point of view, a fundamental solution of Mao Zedong in the Chinese history from the late Qing has been a wide variety of power problems. (Note IX)
second, that is, between the state and the people, the people must be living in the dominant position of the problem. this complex relationship in: Mao Zedong (especially old age) tenaciously and stubbornly insist on maintaining the legitimacy of the mass movement, the country's political revolution and modern features culture the vast space.
according to the modern nation-state theory, the modern state is not only a Mao Zedong Thought, the contents of those was the most controversial questions to us: the relationship between the state and the people in the case, who is the subject? beyond the people on the violence in the country, the people and the people's revolutionary violence is legitimate? or incomplete if the State is not the subject of modern history, if Mao's China can not be simply equated with the European sense of the modern nation-state, or the former Soviet countries , then Mao's ? What is the difference? (Note Ten)
Mao Zedong in China and the world left a great, rich and complex heritage, but also for his behind in the reform created a practical and ideological terms. of Mao's China and words, if the production capacity from the national point of view, it is difficult to arrive at a drawn on the consumption structure, since the Mao era, the consumption structure of the capitalist system than reasonable. (Note k) In fact, only during the Mao era in China prepare for the next sizeable public resources and goods from, the importance of personal interests and the reform of market exchange to take place. We must not be avoided mentioning this.
years from 1976-1984, the successor to Mao Zedong in the direction along the one hand, continue to increase in the rural country of seeds, fertilizers and other basic production data inputs, substantial increase in food prices, on the other hand, decisive for the management of rural production has made bold reforms, the use of market management. It is through the strengthening of rural infrastructure and reform the irrational management of the two aspects that led to the take-off of agriculture in China, which Mao Zedong's socialist development.
first of these reforms, including management reforms: the dissolution of communes in rural areas is the management system, restoration of basic unit, the appropriate use and encourage desires, respect for the small producers in China Strong management of the family tradition. However, all this can not replace one of the most crucial factor: the original National Socialist factors. rural reform is the essence of not only desires to encourage farmers to use and give the the end of the Sino-US relations with Mao Zedong to open the door, the country thirty sets of large chemical fertilizer production, food production is the key short-term growth, but 60 years since the beginning of the use of hybrid rice technology and other varieties, it constitutes a long-term basis for food production take-off . By 1976, China finally realized the vision of Mao Zedong: Full grain per mu, more reasonable and equitable relationship. It was this series of national privatization, does not mean return to traditional farming methods, but does not mean abolition of public ownership of social relations, especially, it really is to strengthen, rather than the collapse of public resources in rural areas targeted. This is reflected in: National control of land is not in circulation and acquisitions, through the establishment of local townships and village reserve of public funds, support of public administration and public finance, including the five guarantees to help vulnerable groups such as the development of rural education, and to achieve reunification by the combination of the interests of the adjustment. it all to the Agriculture bring development, but also to bring stability in rural areas. (Note Twelve)
success of rural reform process is a complex series of consolidated results, but together, not so much by the efficiency, but rather that after nearly 30 years of development and accumulation, China is facing the management of social production and social resources to adjust the allocation of new issues. conform to the contemporary issues of reform, the core is the management reform and distribution of the reform, it must be resolved, in fact, the so-called Mao Zedong: management too dead, put too much, leaving too little of the macroeconomic imbalances. Therefore, the fundamental achievements of the reform, so much the development of a agriculture and rural economy development.
1976-1884 years of reform has achieved remarkable success of the reason lies in the socialist countries, social protection and social justice assigned a strong role in the functioning of the state during the basic aspects of the redistribution of economic power adhere to the principles of social justice, and the achievement of justice, but also depends on the state strong regulatory capacity and a relatively strong financial strength, in turn, mm, whether people are willing to admit that all of Mao Zedong in large part it is high accumulation of the times, color, reflected in its distinctive social control, mobilization and social welfare function, it was Mao Zedong and other Chinese socialists Chinese design features for the new one is long and the Chinese revolution, construction and reform to give the ; a distinct role and function.
other words, a country can achieve macroeconomic balance and coordination, one is to see if it has the ability, and the second is to see if it has this desire. and 1980 early precisely this combination of socialist China. In other words: in the 1980s the political stability and economic growth, the actual build on the strong state control over society as a whole above, however, this control capability can not be reduced to simple to implement strong control by the state, when the leader of a reform of definitely the right idea. This is because the elimination of the three differences of the Chinese revolution to achieve social equality is the goal of socialist legality of China's political functions and to ensure the early .1980 reform is not merely the result of economic development and a general increase in personal income, but positive interaction between all levels of society in general benefit from the state to mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society, and efforts to these known as the a period of irrational state management reform efforts to promote economic and political reform, promote reform and the ideology of intellectuals and social base (especially the peasantry) directly feel the benefits of reform, these three aspects of the interaction reform of 1980, as more important stage, the stage of achievements, is still with the maintenance and extension of social protection as part of the conditions, in particular: to reform the various forms of unreasonable monopoly relations and relations of production as the goal, to adhere to the conditions and the expansion of socialist democracy. But, no denying that this period is removal program, the masses of the people are the masters of the subject of special class interests and to maintain the reality explicit relationship between the various monopolies and relations of production as the main demands of the final forming of a the Chinese economy into a modern commercial economy in the process, making the scale of economic development is much greater than in the past, much more complex, therefore, need to continuously explore new things, solve new problems.
in the process of modern commodity economy exchange activity status gradually improved. The areas of China in the market and the exchange of problems mainly in two aspects: First, although from rural to urban, and grass-roots in the social life and there are a large number of market traders, shop and daily exchange activities, but these activities have not been active encouragement and support. Second, the upper area of the exchange, although the National Bank has been carrying out programs of credit and investment, countries have been engaged in considerable national and international scale trade activities, such as the Canton Fair and other large trading activities have been held, but simply state the way programs and administrative directives, also had management problems hampered the development of the market. Therefore, the expansion and development objectives of the socialist commodity economy are two aspects: One: As rural reform era, to encourage the exchange of primary fields, the development of markets, shops and daily exchange activities. Second, from the strict and effective point of view, to strengthen the exchange of the upper areas of management, banks and domestic and international trade management reform. In short, the core of the reform is: How in the production / exchange between the establishment of a vibrant economy and more balanced.
However, the School its the reform of the upper management of the exchange field goal, but rather to quickly create a III). is to encourage be in the assessment and then to the National Bank sets its mortgage against the huge amounts of money. Here, the state not to be deceived, that is, made a ridiculous mistake. States have forgotten their own land ownership, banks and their capital is the people, and state-owned land be mortgaged to the bank, the bank's money is paid to a private m developers. a so-called the balance of production and exchange, is one such guide to its opposite: the formation of the harmful economic and social equilibrium, ; class businessmen and entrepreneurs to establish dominant position ; contract ; second land reform ; rapid completion of the process of primitive accumulation of capital in China. This is unprecedented in the history of socialism for decades great changes, a large accumulation. Second, the process is complete and requires the State, together, but also to the rapid shrinkage of state tax revenue, the state regulatory capacity of the rapid decline in the price. Third, the big change, a large accumulation in the absence of democratic supervision, and legal guarantees of the rapid completion of the case. Conservative called for the rationalization of the national system of excluding people based on the premise of the way social movements, according to this design, political activities have been gradually understood as to abandon the social mobilization, social protection and social organization (which was once an important state function), but simply as a This trend to ; the changes in order to the country's basic constraints, as the Ever since, what is the essence of reform issues, was officially put forward. In other words, the market economy and modernization of what makes some people actually benefit, which damaged some of the people of Marxist and Maoist such a question has been put forward. And since 1984, and around the market-oriented Group's interest, then, price reform can not get their support, it can not be successful. This is actually not an alarmist. Facts have proved only partially and only they can see the real underlying causes of social crisis in 1989. (Note Ten d) mm, of course, they are from the perspective of safeguarding vested interests, from the perspective of the far right to see. And the most amazing is, when the Chinese intellectuals, almost no one even raised: whether the price reform the interests of ordinary people in China what it means, and no one ever made: how to safeguard the interests of ordinary people, the masses of the people to fight to the correct path of market reforms to prevent the reform of the public towards the fundamental interests of the people is not conducive to the direction of tilt of the appeal . The results, separated from the analysis of specific social interests of the abstract price reform, subjected to threats and temptations from the vested interests, but also has not been broad public support, but the rebound caused by the general public, in 1989 finally led to serious social crisis.
1989 social crisis is a profound lesson. For the root of this crisis, reflection, allows us to return to the teachings of Marx, that is: the reality of economic activity can not but be a system arrangement, specific economic activities inevitably require specific social relations and institutional arrangements to ensure, therefore, the shift will be the next target of reform is defined as price regulation, interests of the bourgeoisie have not been liquidated because they the inevitable law, is a so-called kinds of economics: you are Chinese, the people of the economics, or economics of monopoly capital? such a challenge, but once again asked us to return to a realistic understanding of the relations of production: economics, as the reality of the relationship between production activities described It must include economic activities and institutional arrangements in these two areas, as economic activity is within the complex social relations, we can not make an abstract idea of market activity to institutional arrangements social reasons.
Similarly, it is precisely because the social relations of production, including at least economic activities and institutional arrangements for the two aspects of this interaction, simple resort to democratization, must include the institutional arrangements of economic activities and the democratization of the democratization of state functions, in this sense, the so-called democracy is always relative to the modern countries, that it is not required to cancel the state, but for the expansion of the country democratic functions. This is because: Economic activity is always embedded in its social conditions, as from the social relations and economic conditions of the form of autonomous operation in fact does not exist, so that even the demand for economic freedom, can not be simply understood as the political system and get rid of the structure of other cultures, but how to reform, restrict, expand the system to create free competition and fair exchange conditions. even for the free market, not the same as the general objection to state intervention, It should be further understood as a protector against the state become a monopoly, and through social mobilization of the country's democratic struggle to function, make countries through price regulation and other factors to protect the real competition in the market, most people's fundamental interests. And it is is not seen and clearly the use of this country before the price reforms in 1989, lost their alliance with the masses of the people the opportunity to avoid the loss of the social costs to maximize the opportunity to make the new authority of the elements and elements of neo-liberalism has the opportunity, leading to a serious social crisis, making the socialist cause suffered a great loss.
This is why, said: democracy is the country's democracy is the absolute abolition of the State and therefore there is no democracy (Lenin ). However, since the mid-80s, when the The simple fact is canceled, forget the state has a different, the fact that various functions. The results, in the abstract negation of the process of the country, was abandoned, had been rejected, but in fact some features of the country, particularly its social security function and the democratic function, at the same time, the state's economic functions and features are unprecedented in the market strengthened. It is this criticism of the abstract state to fool the public to cover up the new liberals of specific anti-people objectives, the collapse of the country's social protection and including and the vague description, but we have to do it, is to this highly ambiguous and abstract into the concrete social relations critical to observe, fully aware of the most conservative aspect of this trend can be generated major social background and practical conditions. Since encourage Therefore, this part of the force should not be regarded as purely economic benefit the whole social relations and a genuine democratization of the relations of production.
privileged interest groups to form a target of the the economic and between national and local imbalance between. It is not only committed to the production / exchange equilibrium toward the opposite direction of reform, but also will focus on central / local balance of macroeconomic reforms toward opposite. It is not only from the extreme right side of the reconstruction of reality, and disintegration of the system, but also to China from this side to be re-invented modern history. Therefore, since the late Qing a serious imbalance of power between the reality with together. This not a revolution and people's democratic state, but entrenched in the southeast coast of the handful of Yuan.
how should we evaluate this anti-historical narrative it? from the late Qing Dynasty, a direction of reform. The goal is to hand power to means. It is this ...
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