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Sunday, October 31, 2010
Thursday, October 28, 2010
(I made it clear beforehand This little story is purely fictional
Only a party of gossip, entertainment leisure readers only and must not believed, but not condemnation, in particular to the advertised. )
Words of the ancient past, I do not know what month, in a major catastrophe, after a pair of young men and women actually lucky enough to escape, after dangerous chance came to a place, see this beautiful, mild climate, inaccessible, like paradise, then settled down on this. Soon, this boy is grown up men and women, the natural edge of match days, became the happy couples. Couple in this fishing hunting, planting livestock, to crafts, the days off though difficult, but also carefree. Actually having children later, and gradually descended. Also I do not know how many years, after much suffering, a descendant of the day, civilization beginning, had become the village, some place it in the stone cave painting cliffs, thinking of the occasion. Future generations to draw this to a symbol of the stone, \Time as an arrow, an instant is modern, this amount Ishimura is a large population, thriving downtown. Now the village has more than two households, though they are a father, but had all his own, after long, natural wealth inequality, the strength of differentiation, the size of the poor, and the personal interests, and conflict, will continue in the inevitable. Let us now turn this stone
Village known as the first large amount of yellow home - the population is the highest for the village, a large fortune, scholarly generations, a long history. He developed several glorious ancestors had become the richest man in the village known, still many descendants of Huang often so proud of. Unworthy descendants a hundred years ago only the long-term valued culture over military, merit total loss, the body weak bones; and Furu ignorance, complacency, the endless struggle, bad habits die hard, resulting in the family business withered to dust. Bad neighborhoods take the opportunity to grab four extortion, Huang has no power of self-preservation, made into a wealthy family fancy illustrious Pola Hu bullying. Until the twenties and thirties of last century, Huang finally out of an unusual head of cattle, O D, A D which civil and military, Broadcom ancient and modern, extraordinary courage, early heart Meng ambitions. Therefore in leading the family after decades of hard work up and down, to begin to reverse the continuous decline of the decline Huang, gradually took the road to recovery. Then the second and third generation of their fortunes head is sparing no effort, and finally solved the food and clothing for the whole family to the well-off family of the goal. Business profits in recent years and strong, get a lot of money,UGG boots, although the result of a large population, this is not really well-off family of wealthy, but also many of the village households so jealous, all the attendant problems will, more and more disputes up.
surface of the first one is a close neighbor Huangjia Dong Wu family - speaking this witch is not only the neighbors house with the yellow house, and there are so unknown point tell Road special kinship connection, and Wu Jiazu more deeply on the generation Huang and influence many blessings, but to modern times, the Huang family decadent bad situation, while the Wu family gradually developed, sympathetic use of force has always been superstition, it has long been the generation of pay should be behind, even as the Huang family for the good deed goes unpunished The first sign of weakness being taken advantage of, at first only used to come to Huang sly, a little financial plans; back actually insatiable, playing home to numerous flagrant looting. In six or seven years ago, the Wu family attempt to dominate the village, on the Huang family fight, and wished he could be eradicated yellow house off. Witch House was head of lust, crazy moment, rampant village. Village West also home of two Ma Pa evil deeds, they actually went to large plum home west of the village, suddenly set on fire while it is not prepared to robbery, and finally provoked outrage, Wu Jiacheng the \Witch House arrogance of the believers, and finally home abruptly by filling the two plum secret soul loss pills, was compelled to bow to defeat. But in recent years, Wu family painstaking efforts, the village once again become the home of the well-off after May. This is a multi-hand money, not law-abiding mind, want to just around the corner, review the lord of the dream. Wantonly have recently openly practice martial arts fist, a show of force, so that deeply disturbed the surrounding neighborhood. In recent years, has repeatedly opened for Huang Jiagong provocation, the original door of a fish pond Huangjia Dong Wu family was hijacked more than half to go, but also irrational witch hardware that is already home ownership. Huang Qiang, although reluctant to compete with them but do not want to, but there is no effective oral representations. Other neighbors also spotted Huang Although at the beginning developed, but is bent on making money, and people do not want to argue with the short length, but did not dare dispute the use of force. And it will continue to take the opportunity to erode the edge of usurpation of real estate waters Huang, Wong, head of the only open eyes closed eyes, big deal made a few empty words of intimidation of the story, had not really want to guard the edge of the industry, the actual move, which in turn is more contribute to the neighborhood bully who restless industry of Huang coveted ambitions. This vicious cycle can be described as the loss is not a small yellow house, but also attracted a number of family members of dissatisfaction. Huang head that is too weak, bullied by others and not fight back numerous, it is useless borne.
say that this amount Ishimura West a rich family, that is, the rich and powerful plum village first boss. He said he had not become enemies with the Village Huang and Huang had help at home to discipline a witch bad young man. Only one head of cattle from the yellow that does not live up to the original head of the old boy out of the house, the sympathetic family refused to follow the leadership of May CD, but put the other north of the village tyrannical big house under the Law, and the two VACCINES It is deep-seated antagonists at home, so this and Mei Huang forged certain distance home. And increasingly developed in recent years, Huang Jiasheng means, do not worry about Huong inevitably the richest man in the village tyrannical status is not the first security, so often entangled with the Huang family, always be choking. More in Huang Zhou Neighbor instigating right and wrong, particularly with the Huang family has long been resentment over knot witch house and the village of the south should be at home at home costs at home, etc., in the plum family secretly put off from time to time on the Huang Jiaming slings and arrows, get the yellow house is almost impossible to defend the poor in response. In fact, this had not been to the big boss Mei Huang see in the eyes, but has always regarded the largest north of the village head Luo. The Central Plains is to say, then by the length of the original Luo Jiazu northwest of the village of this is a small fry origin, due to always Haoyongdouhen, known as \Gradually the surrounding people forced by their despotic power to that of non-suit, only a few generations, the Luo have become the village tyrant, he was a bit around the neighborhood without fear. Then grab the yellow house that is more non-wins, no less bullying blackmail, Huang were the occupation of the north side of a large estate, the loss is most great, and the Huang family for generations can be described as a typical bad neighborhood. Ah Wong, who had bovine head D of the place by the beginning was not yet secure, temporary investment that foreign aid, but only Luo. Long after, they become enemies with them,Bailey UGG boots, the two almost fight, because the Huang Mei home and communicate timely and repaired,UGG boots clearance, Luo they are not able to act rashly, but the strength of ambition Luo Mei foot home for the rival. Later, Luo occurred within the bar, badly hurt, hard to go it alone with the plum family. Wong, head of the second generation at this time is being bent to get rich, they began with the May family relations gap, was not that old enemies Luo insult to injury, but return good for evil, when in the Luo home and less abroad, lend a helping hand , pulled a Luo, and Luo join forces once again to figure and plum home proposition. The three scores can be seen is how unpredictable, really is \Huang Jianan surface should be close to home. This home was originally south of the village should be a large population of big, famous ancestors was once a prosperous nation, and nearly a hundred years ago also come down with the yellow house can be considered the same two pair. However, the two neighbors after all in the revival of hard to get along slowly, and one reason is for the benefit of the dispute. The original piece by Huang Frontier and Southwest regions to be staggered home connected to the north, still be the old head house, there was the heart of its appropriation, actually the first to stir up later, the results were cattle palm Huang door out of the water. But the surprise is that Huang dispute in this case the upper hand completely, but still somehow give up this frontier, so that should come back home picked out a great deal. Now the land has been occupied for decades to be at home, should become the de facto home industry. This also is not, should be home by leaps and bounds in recent years is the development, the strength is not what early became a tyrant,bailey UGG boots, South Village. Now it is ambitious, no longer find any old playing himself looked down on the yellow house, and one threatened to compete with the Huang family. Wu Mei family house also Luo Jiaming overtly or covertly or even attempt to join forces against Huang collusion, may not succeed, but also allow the poor to deal with Huang. the face of all the disputes surrounding
Words of the ancient past, I do not know what month, in a major catastrophe, after a pair of young men and women actually lucky enough to escape, after dangerous chance came to a place, see this beautiful, mild climate, inaccessible, like paradise, then settled down on this. Soon, this boy is grown up men and women, the natural edge of match days, became the happy couples. Couple in this fishing hunting, planting livestock, to crafts, the days off though difficult, but also carefree. Actually having children later, and gradually descended. Also I do not know how many years, after much suffering, a descendant of the day, civilization beginning, had become the village, some place it in the stone cave painting cliffs, thinking of the occasion. Future generations to draw this to a symbol of the stone, \Time as an arrow, an instant is modern, this amount Ishimura is a large population, thriving downtown. Now the village has more than two households, though they are a father, but had all his own, after long, natural wealth inequality, the strength of differentiation, the size of the poor, and the personal interests, and conflict, will continue in the inevitable. Let us now turn this stone
Village known as the first large amount of yellow home - the population is the highest for the village, a large fortune, scholarly generations, a long history. He developed several glorious ancestors had become the richest man in the village known, still many descendants of Huang often so proud of. Unworthy descendants a hundred years ago only the long-term valued culture over military, merit total loss, the body weak bones; and Furu ignorance, complacency, the endless struggle, bad habits die hard, resulting in the family business withered to dust. Bad neighborhoods take the opportunity to grab four extortion, Huang has no power of self-preservation, made into a wealthy family fancy illustrious Pola Hu bullying. Until the twenties and thirties of last century, Huang finally out of an unusual head of cattle, O D, A D which civil and military, Broadcom ancient and modern, extraordinary courage, early heart Meng ambitions. Therefore in leading the family after decades of hard work up and down, to begin to reverse the continuous decline of the decline Huang, gradually took the road to recovery. Then the second and third generation of their fortunes head is sparing no effort, and finally solved the food and clothing for the whole family to the well-off family of the goal. Business profits in recent years and strong, get a lot of money,UGG boots, although the result of a large population, this is not really well-off family of wealthy, but also many of the village households so jealous, all the attendant problems will, more and more disputes up.
surface of the first one is a close neighbor Huangjia Dong Wu family - speaking this witch is not only the neighbors house with the yellow house, and there are so unknown point tell Road special kinship connection, and Wu Jiazu more deeply on the generation Huang and influence many blessings, but to modern times, the Huang family decadent bad situation, while the Wu family gradually developed, sympathetic use of force has always been superstition, it has long been the generation of pay should be behind, even as the Huang family for the good deed goes unpunished The first sign of weakness being taken advantage of, at first only used to come to Huang sly, a little financial plans; back actually insatiable, playing home to numerous flagrant looting. In six or seven years ago, the Wu family attempt to dominate the village, on the Huang family fight, and wished he could be eradicated yellow house off. Witch House was head of lust, crazy moment, rampant village. Village West also home of two Ma Pa evil deeds, they actually went to large plum home west of the village, suddenly set on fire while it is not prepared to robbery, and finally provoked outrage, Wu Jiacheng the \Witch House arrogance of the believers, and finally home abruptly by filling the two plum secret soul loss pills, was compelled to bow to defeat. But in recent years, Wu family painstaking efforts, the village once again become the home of the well-off after May. This is a multi-hand money, not law-abiding mind, want to just around the corner, review the lord of the dream. Wantonly have recently openly practice martial arts fist, a show of force, so that deeply disturbed the surrounding neighborhood. In recent years, has repeatedly opened for Huang Jiagong provocation, the original door of a fish pond Huangjia Dong Wu family was hijacked more than half to go, but also irrational witch hardware that is already home ownership. Huang Qiang, although reluctant to compete with them but do not want to, but there is no effective oral representations. Other neighbors also spotted Huang Although at the beginning developed, but is bent on making money, and people do not want to argue with the short length, but did not dare dispute the use of force. And it will continue to take the opportunity to erode the edge of usurpation of real estate waters Huang, Wong, head of the only open eyes closed eyes, big deal made a few empty words of intimidation of the story, had not really want to guard the edge of the industry, the actual move, which in turn is more contribute to the neighborhood bully who restless industry of Huang coveted ambitions. This vicious cycle can be described as the loss is not a small yellow house, but also attracted a number of family members of dissatisfaction. Huang head that is too weak, bullied by others and not fight back numerous, it is useless borne.
say that this amount Ishimura West a rich family, that is, the rich and powerful plum village first boss. He said he had not become enemies with the Village Huang and Huang had help at home to discipline a witch bad young man. Only one head of cattle from the yellow that does not live up to the original head of the old boy out of the house, the sympathetic family refused to follow the leadership of May CD, but put the other north of the village tyrannical big house under the Law, and the two VACCINES It is deep-seated antagonists at home, so this and Mei Huang forged certain distance home. And increasingly developed in recent years, Huang Jiasheng means, do not worry about Huong inevitably the richest man in the village tyrannical status is not the first security, so often entangled with the Huang family, always be choking. More in Huang Zhou Neighbor instigating right and wrong, particularly with the Huang family has long been resentment over knot witch house and the village of the south should be at home at home costs at home, etc., in the plum family secretly put off from time to time on the Huang Jiaming slings and arrows, get the yellow house is almost impossible to defend the poor in response. In fact, this had not been to the big boss Mei Huang see in the eyes, but has always regarded the largest north of the village head Luo. The Central Plains is to say, then by the length of the original Luo Jiazu northwest of the village of this is a small fry origin, due to always Haoyongdouhen, known as \Gradually the surrounding people forced by their despotic power to that of non-suit, only a few generations, the Luo have become the village tyrant, he was a bit around the neighborhood without fear. Then grab the yellow house that is more non-wins, no less bullying blackmail, Huang were the occupation of the north side of a large estate, the loss is most great, and the Huang family for generations can be described as a typical bad neighborhood. Ah Wong, who had bovine head D of the place by the beginning was not yet secure, temporary investment that foreign aid, but only Luo. Long after, they become enemies with them,Bailey UGG boots, the two almost fight, because the Huang Mei home and communicate timely and repaired,UGG boots clearance, Luo they are not able to act rashly, but the strength of ambition Luo Mei foot home for the rival. Later, Luo occurred within the bar, badly hurt, hard to go it alone with the plum family. Wong, head of the second generation at this time is being bent to get rich, they began with the May family relations gap, was not that old enemies Luo insult to injury, but return good for evil, when in the Luo home and less abroad, lend a helping hand , pulled a Luo, and Luo join forces once again to figure and plum home proposition. The three scores can be seen is how unpredictable, really is \Huang Jianan surface should be close to home. This home was originally south of the village should be a large population of big, famous ancestors was once a prosperous nation, and nearly a hundred years ago also come down with the yellow house can be considered the same two pair. However, the two neighbors after all in the revival of hard to get along slowly, and one reason is for the benefit of the dispute. The original piece by Huang Frontier and Southwest regions to be staggered home connected to the north, still be the old head house, there was the heart of its appropriation, actually the first to stir up later, the results were cattle palm Huang door out of the water. But the surprise is that Huang dispute in this case the upper hand completely, but still somehow give up this frontier, so that should come back home picked out a great deal. Now the land has been occupied for decades to be at home, should become the de facto home industry. This also is not, should be home by leaps and bounds in recent years is the development, the strength is not what early became a tyrant,bailey UGG boots, South Village. Now it is ambitious, no longer find any old playing himself looked down on the yellow house, and one threatened to compete with the Huang family. Wu Mei family house also Luo Jiaming overtly or covertly or even attempt to join forces against Huang collusion, may not succeed, but also allow the poor to deal with Huang. the face of all the disputes surrounding
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
1968, February and March of Guizhou
Is the second in Heilongjiang, Shanghai, the third country after the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee of the provinces. That is, by the then revolutionary organizations together, the exercise of deposed provincial, municipal authority, this action by the two newspapers one journal called the However, the united rebel immediately divided into two factions, one that became the conservative faction, not to the Cultural Revolution in the end. One group said the red faction attempting to subvert the new government. This argument, first Almost all provinces and cities to seize power for each phenomenon. At that time thought otherwise, now looks inevitable. Be right, of course, want to keep their rights. Have not been right, of course, continue to Guiyang was divided into the Throughout Guiyang, Guizhou Institute of Technology became the During this period, there is a major activity is to sit-ins and hunger strikes in Guiyang city. For what I can not remember, just remember the sit-in location is the Grand Cross of Guiyang to the most prosperous street between the building of Posts and Telecommunications. First sit-in, then have the summer, and under the scorching sun, sitting on the street, very hot. Fortunately, Many people buy their own water and food to give us, and say some words of encouragement, that scene is very touching. Provincial Revolutionary Council for the Hungry more than a day, many people have not sat in the street, instead of lying on the street, and more people began to faint. Provincial Revolutionary Council continues to ignore it, as the
Guiyang was the opposition factions have been developed to a stage of copper brazing rods. August 17 afternoon, a few Although in Guiyang Seeing these At this time, a physical education teacher named Ouyang Ming through the open water from here. This Ouyang teachers and junior high school physical education, we, our admiration, an angular muscles, butterfly swim two to three meters. Ouyang teacher is He to rescue those few The results are easy to think, to be thrown in the college students were burned. This is what, Although Ouyang teachers are physically fit, in the face of dozens of raging, and only fled. Ouyang teacher hid
in a soccer field within the Guizhou Institute of fish pond, and his size, shape and soccer fields, like the bottom of the pond and is surrounded by a stone and cement block, and. There are two ponds in the middle of football unsettled relative school buildings, teaching buildings and laboratory building, laboratory building is your work Teaching building is your work, And now back and so are dozens of pieces of import and export of prefabricated foreclosed. Only in front of an import and export, there are also dozens of prefabricated blocks of pressing, leaving only a very small hole to crawl out of time before coming out of a few meters. Described as Ouyang teacher hid in the experimental building, the downstairs immediately gathered a lot of Shouted the With the upgrade of both the language and began throwing stones at each other. This proposal received the support of many people, so many of the meters before entering the hole, but it is helpless. After several To see it was already late,
night, rumors of the city Guard left a dozen academic buildings, including me. There are also six of the dozens of Guiyang, Guizhou Institute of Technology who lived in the teaching building, because they are engaged in a They are a master of writing and painting. A total of 36 people with us. I had no number. But after the incident, the head of the Revolutionary Committee told us to account, said: How do you how 36 people. I know, we keep building the original total of 36 individuals. Several people in my memory very impressed. One is Professor Fan Jialan, she is a handful of Guizhou Institute of female professors. My door and the door of Professor Fan family are separated by only one meter away. The early movement, she was labeled as counterrevolutionary almost by discrimination. Later, the Guizhou Institute of another person, a teacher in the Returned Overseas Chinese in Indonesia. His family is with us, remember the name unfortunately. In the early Cultural Revolution, he was the teacher of Guizhou Institute of Technology's Go sons teachers. I remember the Cultural Revolution, sent a parcel from Indonesia, but I do not know why, take this package, you must have to pay almost 200 dollars to take, he does not want to get, for fear people say he has foreign relations, said no money do not want to be lied to to get, someone willing to pay to get, but they do not, and finally had to return this package to Indonesia. His arm in the incident was interrupted late movement back in Indonesia, did not know he was in Indonesia in 98 years if anti-Chinese incident survived.
one of the most important person there is Yu Changning, he is six students in Guiyang, Guizhou Institute of Technology, but his father was a teacher, live in our home together, though not very familiar with,UGG shoes, but understanding each other. He is among 36 most unfortunate, because 68 years of his life in the day on August 18 ended. He used his blood and life to fulfill his promise: defend to the death of Chairman Mao's
8 月 18 morning, I was awakened by someone else, and he told me: The rain and fog, has come across a lot of hillside vines hat wearing, hand-held drill rod of the workers. I was a bit cold, helped myself to wear a coat donated in my body. More and more workers out, all sides are. We know: We have been surrounded. Feel a trace of fear,bailey UGG boots, but a thought of that have to crawl a few meters before entering the hole Yi Jingpi several pieces of precast panels sealed, simply drill rod club is Juedui Bukenenggong coming. Will calm the mind. I cried to the following workers: the bourgeois royalists who attack you want to come in, it is a day dream! are 1:00 o'clock a. will eat, I was on the fourth floor, ran to the stairs, and he saw a powerful smoke swept up, we all quickly ran to the downstairs, the stairs to the second floor, the hot rolling waves and the concentration of gas Smoke forces you to two meters away from the stairs outside. and everyone ran immediately to the above, coincidentally on the fifth floor, up onto a roof. Guizhou Institute of Education building is only about four in the middle is the five, four-story directly into the roof from the fifth floor to the fifth floor of the roof only take from the fourth floor of the roof to climb the ladder. all around the roof of a brick wall puzzle, like a rectangular box without cover. all surrounded in a corner , the silent, waiting for the arrival of bad luck. up is wearing a rattan hat, holding drill rod club workers. the first few people to climb, and did not immediately launch an attack to us, but while we watched silently, while pulling up behind the companion. climbed to more workers come more suddenly, in our population in Guiyang, a six-girl screamed, picked up off the ground of a javelin, a few seconds, suddenly, immediately drop to about face to us. PLA desperately trying to stop this tragedy, but it is the number of PLA little. instant voices are intertwined, with drill rod and sticks against the body and other parts of the sound, beaten issued after the calls, there is satire sound, a sound of the PLA's persuasion, there are six in Guiyang that several girls crying, there were broken arm after the Chinese teachers sent piercing screams, we tried to corner of the crowded, as if he wished his body to squeeze inside the walls. the day of the PLA, although only a few people, but, if not stopped these red eyes, the PLA hard workers,UGG boots clearance, far from Yu Changning one person dead. slowly , workers vent anger or less, and began a brief lecture to us, the center is The head of the blind, today we are to save you, help you back to Chairman Mao's revolutionary line and so on. I am not a head. standing instability, shaking like fall. Fortunately, the person next to me now hold on. few minutes later, I am on the day slowly turned into day. my feet are trembling, the people that there is no power. Fortunately, is not so much rope to tie us. the result is just what they believe is the head of the bundle of two of the students. We were escorted from the roof of the fifth floor to the roof of the fourth floor, when there is a worker came to their The head of the report: a man walk. the head of the eye glanced to us, the last stop in my eyes on him said: You go back! though I just woke up from a nightmare, but also had trudged from the climb up the stairs on the fifth floor roof. when Yu Changning have been preparing their students to go down on her own. The student said to me: Wait a minute you back.
a teaching building the door, saw the light rain and fog filled fields, the sky in a haze, the world is so heavy, so I am even more heavy. I saw wearing a rattan hat, holding drill rod clubs were filled with workers on both sides of the road, with a victory smile, enjoy these a hole. I immediately put my hands up to the highest level of the highest, just like the movie, like the KMT soldiers surrendered to the Liberation Army. to a laboratory building on the second floor of a classroom without desks and chairs, I put down the backs of the Yu Changning, and everyone else , are sitting back wall. see the head of our university students made a sign to me and asked me to go over there, I pretended nothing had happened, and slowly moved him there, he lowered his voice said to me: Some files on me, if the person found with red, may be a problem, you're not too much attention to them, these files safe to put some of your body. a good friend.
soon, Yu Changning began to vomit up vomit is not much, but it's still bright-yellow color than the yolk, I guard the workers shouted: the Yu Changning spit filth, while saying: back away, we all thought they had to send Yu Changning to see the doctor. Yangming Jie gave me a bun, said to me: badly, they attend to us. us out of the room, workers finished the basic withdrawal.
next afternoon, came the When the workers had gone back to Yu Changning found him dead, a statement is: Back Shu Changning workers frightened, confused, will Yuchang Ning threw the body in the corn ground. another way of saying: In order to support Red Faction get away with to cover up their crimes to pay the Yuchang Ning threw the body in the corn ground. carry the body down the procession was quickly suppressed. decision, all 66, 67, 68 college students all assigned work. for a living, colleges and universities have left students in Guiyang. to students as the main body of the > 8.18 events did not end, however, the day of the fire, who put it? of course, say it is Committee leaders will be We all silent for a long time of silence, the hospital Revolutionary Council led to everyone doing their own before the fire and saw what it said, comes down, no one saw who started the fire, and no one know how the fire played. But one thing we are sure, the fire of rapid, violent, in a few minutes to burn the second floor, in addition to the wooden staircase is flammable, the rest are all cement and brick, is certainly not a few pounds of gasoline or kerosene can be done. When the fire burned down the stairs, the stairs of the dozens of pieces of precast panels will fall down, the original building so-called she can not find any results, only miserably. But such a result will not be accepted by those in power at the time,UGGs, so they called us several times to go straight, short, the fire if it is not will never end. Finally, one by one to ask us, you do not agree with the The fire is country has undergone enormous changes, then people do not think any one of today's changes. whenever I recall the 818 event is a burst of pain, while sad, a kind of remorse. Trees Spring ahead
Guiyang was the opposition factions have been developed to a stage of copper brazing rods. August 17 afternoon, a few Although in Guiyang Seeing these At this time, a physical education teacher named Ouyang Ming through the open water from here. This Ouyang teachers and junior high school physical education, we, our admiration, an angular muscles, butterfly swim two to three meters. Ouyang teacher is He to rescue those few The results are easy to think, to be thrown in the college students were burned. This is what, Although Ouyang teachers are physically fit, in the face of dozens of raging, and only fled. Ouyang teacher hid
in a soccer field within the Guizhou Institute of fish pond, and his size, shape and soccer fields, like the bottom of the pond and is surrounded by a stone and cement block, and. There are two ponds in the middle of football unsettled relative school buildings, teaching buildings and laboratory building, laboratory building is your work Teaching building is your work, And now back and so are dozens of pieces of import and export of prefabricated foreclosed. Only in front of an import and export, there are also dozens of prefabricated blocks of pressing, leaving only a very small hole to crawl out of time before coming out of a few meters. Described as Ouyang teacher hid in the experimental building, the downstairs immediately gathered a lot of Shouted the With the upgrade of both the language and began throwing stones at each other. This proposal received the support of many people, so many of the meters before entering the hole, but it is helpless. After several To see it was already late,
night, rumors of the city Guard left a dozen academic buildings, including me. There are also six of the dozens of Guiyang, Guizhou Institute of Technology who lived in the teaching building, because they are engaged in a They are a master of writing and painting. A total of 36 people with us. I had no number. But after the incident, the head of the Revolutionary Committee told us to account, said: How do you how 36 people. I know, we keep building the original total of 36 individuals. Several people in my memory very impressed. One is Professor Fan Jialan, she is a handful of Guizhou Institute of female professors. My door and the door of Professor Fan family are separated by only one meter away. The early movement, she was labeled as counterrevolutionary almost by discrimination. Later, the Guizhou Institute of another person, a teacher in the Returned Overseas Chinese in Indonesia. His family is with us, remember the name unfortunately. In the early Cultural Revolution, he was the teacher of Guizhou Institute of Technology's Go sons teachers. I remember the Cultural Revolution, sent a parcel from Indonesia, but I do not know why, take this package, you must have to pay almost 200 dollars to take, he does not want to get, for fear people say he has foreign relations, said no money do not want to be lied to to get, someone willing to pay to get, but they do not, and finally had to return this package to Indonesia. His arm in the incident was interrupted late movement back in Indonesia, did not know he was in Indonesia in 98 years if anti-Chinese incident survived.
one of the most important person there is Yu Changning, he is six students in Guiyang, Guizhou Institute of Technology, but his father was a teacher, live in our home together, though not very familiar with,UGG shoes, but understanding each other. He is among 36 most unfortunate, because 68 years of his life in the day on August 18 ended. He used his blood and life to fulfill his promise: defend to the death of Chairman Mao's
8 月 18 morning, I was awakened by someone else, and he told me: The rain and fog, has come across a lot of hillside vines hat wearing, hand-held drill rod of the workers. I was a bit cold, helped myself to wear a coat donated in my body. More and more workers out, all sides are. We know: We have been surrounded. Feel a trace of fear,bailey UGG boots, but a thought of that have to crawl a few meters before entering the hole Yi Jingpi several pieces of precast panels sealed, simply drill rod club is Juedui Bukenenggong coming. Will calm the mind. I cried to the following workers: the bourgeois royalists who attack you want to come in, it is a day dream! are 1:00 o'clock a. will eat, I was on the fourth floor, ran to the stairs, and he saw a powerful smoke swept up, we all quickly ran to the downstairs, the stairs to the second floor, the hot rolling waves and the concentration of gas Smoke forces you to two meters away from the stairs outside. and everyone ran immediately to the above, coincidentally on the fifth floor, up onto a roof. Guizhou Institute of Education building is only about four in the middle is the five, four-story directly into the roof from the fifth floor to the fifth floor of the roof only take from the fourth floor of the roof to climb the ladder. all around the roof of a brick wall puzzle, like a rectangular box without cover. all surrounded in a corner , the silent, waiting for the arrival of bad luck. up is wearing a rattan hat, holding drill rod club workers. the first few people to climb, and did not immediately launch an attack to us, but while we watched silently, while pulling up behind the companion. climbed to more workers come more suddenly, in our population in Guiyang, a six-girl screamed, picked up off the ground of a javelin, a few seconds, suddenly, immediately drop to about face to us. PLA desperately trying to stop this tragedy, but it is the number of PLA little. instant voices are intertwined, with drill rod and sticks against the body and other parts of the sound, beaten issued after the calls, there is satire sound, a sound of the PLA's persuasion, there are six in Guiyang that several girls crying, there were broken arm after the Chinese teachers sent piercing screams, we tried to corner of the crowded, as if he wished his body to squeeze inside the walls. the day of the PLA, although only a few people, but, if not stopped these red eyes, the PLA hard workers,UGG boots clearance, far from Yu Changning one person dead. slowly , workers vent anger or less, and began a brief lecture to us, the center is The head of the blind, today we are to save you, help you back to Chairman Mao's revolutionary line and so on. I am not a head. standing instability, shaking like fall. Fortunately, the person next to me now hold on. few minutes later, I am on the day slowly turned into day. my feet are trembling, the people that there is no power. Fortunately, is not so much rope to tie us. the result is just what they believe is the head of the bundle of two of the students. We were escorted from the roof of the fifth floor to the roof of the fourth floor, when there is a worker came to their The head of the report: a man walk. the head of the eye glanced to us, the last stop in my eyes on him said: You go back! though I just woke up from a nightmare, but also had trudged from the climb up the stairs on the fifth floor roof. when Yu Changning have been preparing their students to go down on her own. The student said to me: Wait a minute you back.
a teaching building the door, saw the light rain and fog filled fields, the sky in a haze, the world is so heavy, so I am even more heavy. I saw wearing a rattan hat, holding drill rod clubs were filled with workers on both sides of the road, with a victory smile, enjoy these a hole. I immediately put my hands up to the highest level of the highest, just like the movie, like the KMT soldiers surrendered to the Liberation Army. to a laboratory building on the second floor of a classroom without desks and chairs, I put down the backs of the Yu Changning, and everyone else , are sitting back wall. see the head of our university students made a sign to me and asked me to go over there, I pretended nothing had happened, and slowly moved him there, he lowered his voice said to me: Some files on me, if the person found with red, may be a problem, you're not too much attention to them, these files safe to put some of your body. a good friend.
soon, Yu Changning began to vomit up vomit is not much, but it's still bright-yellow color than the yolk, I guard the workers shouted: the Yu Changning spit filth, while saying: back away, we all thought they had to send Yu Changning to see the doctor. Yangming Jie gave me a bun, said to me: badly, they attend to us. us out of the room, workers finished the basic withdrawal.
next afternoon, came the When the workers had gone back to Yu Changning found him dead, a statement is: Back Shu Changning workers frightened, confused, will Yuchang Ning threw the body in the corn ground. another way of saying: In order to support Red Faction get away with to cover up their crimes to pay the Yuchang Ning threw the body in the corn ground. carry the body down the procession was quickly suppressed. decision, all 66, 67, 68 college students all assigned work. for a living, colleges and universities have left students in Guiyang. to students as the main body of the > 8.18 events did not end, however, the day of the fire, who put it? of course, say it is Committee leaders will be We all silent for a long time of silence, the hospital Revolutionary Council led to everyone doing their own before the fire and saw what it said, comes down, no one saw who started the fire, and no one know how the fire played. But one thing we are sure, the fire of rapid, violent, in a few minutes to burn the second floor, in addition to the wooden staircase is flammable, the rest are all cement and brick, is certainly not a few pounds of gasoline or kerosene can be done. When the fire burned down the stairs, the stairs of the dozens of pieces of precast panels will fall down, the original building so-called she can not find any results, only miserably. But such a result will not be accepted by those in power at the time,UGGs, so they called us several times to go straight, short, the fire if it is not will never end. Finally, one by one to ask us, you do not agree with the The fire is country has undergone enormous changes, then people do not think any one of today's changes. whenever I recall the 818 event is a burst of pain, while sad, a kind of remorse. Trees Spring ahead
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Chinese stock and property markets have bubbled up again
Chinese stock and property markets have bubbled up again. It was fueled by bank lending and inflation fear. I think that Chinese stocks and properties are 50-100% overvalued. The odds are that both will adjust in the fourth quarter. However, both might flare up again sometime next year. Fluctuating within a long bubble could be the dominant trend for the foreseeable future. The bursting will happen when the US dollar becomes strong again. The catalyst could be serious inflation that forces the Fed to raise interest rate.
Chinese asset markets have become a giant Ponzi scheme. The prices are supported by appreciation expectation. As more people and liquidity are sucked in, the resulting surging prices validate the expectation, which prompts more people to join the party. This sort of bubble ends when there isn't enough liquidity to feed the beast.
Xie Sohu blog
Liquidity isn'ta constraint yet. Even though loans grew by 24.4% in the first half or Rmb 7.4 trillion,UGG boots cheap, loan-deposit ratio increased only to 66.6% in June 2009 from 65% in December 2008. It means that many loans have not been spent in real economic activities and have merely supplied leverage for asset market transactions. China's property market is very similar to Hong Kong's in 1997.
The origin of the asset bubble in China is excess liquidity as reflected in high level of foreign exchange reserves and low loan deposit ratio. The low interbank rate defines how serious excess liquidity s. The massive buildup of liquidity in China was due to weak dollar and strong exports. As dollar entered a bear market in 2002, China's Rmb followed it down. The appreciation expectation drove liquidity to China. One fourth of China's foreign exchange reserves could be due to this factor.
China's productivity rose rapidly after it joined the WTO. The massive buildup in infrastructure and the relocation of manufacturing sector to China pushed up Chinese labor's productivity rapidly. At the same time, Chinese currency declined as it rose against the dollar less than its decline. The combination of rising productivity and weak currency led to the massive export growth. The resulting dollar earnings pumped up China's monetary system. < br>
While China is experiencing weak exports now, the weak dollar allows China to release the liquidity saved up during the boom in the past five year without worrying about currency depreciation. How far would the bubble go and for how long? < br>
It is not too hard to understand when the bubble would burst. When the dollar becomes strong again, liquidity could leave China sufficiently to pop the bubble. What's occurring in China now is no different from what happened in other emerging markets before. Weak dollar always led to bubbles in emerging economies that were hot at the time. When the dollar turns around, the bubbles inevitably burst.
It is difficult to tell when the dollar will turn around. The dollar went into a bear market in 1985 after the Plaza Accord and bottomed ten years later in 1995. It then went into a bull market for seven years. The current dollar bear market began in 2002. The dollar index ('DXY') has lost about 35 % value since. If the last bear market is of useful guidance, the current one could last until 2012. But, there is no guarantee. The IT revolution began the last dollar bull market. The odds are that another technological revolution is needed for the dollar to enter a sustainable bull market.
However, monetary policy could start a short but powerful bull market for the dollar. In the early 1980s Paul Volker, the Fed Chairman then, increased interest rate to double digit rate to contain inflation. The dollar rallied very hard afterwards. Latin American crisis had a lot to do with that.
The current situation resembles then. Like in the 1970s the Fed is denying the inflation risk due to its loose monetary policy . The longer the Fed waits, the higher the inflation will peak. When inflation starts to accelerate, it would cause panic in financial markets. To calm the markets, the Fed has to tighten aggressively, probably excessively, which would lead to a massive dollar rally. This would be the worst possible situation: a strong dollar and a weak US economy. China's asset markets and the economy would almost surely go into a hard landing.
How far the bubble would go depends on the government's liquidity policy. The current bubble wave is very much driven by the government encouraging banks to lend and the super low interbank interest rate. As the Fed's interest rate is zero, the dollar is weak, China's foreign exchange reserves are high, and the loan deposit ratio is low, China could increase liquidity, which would expand the bubble further. However, other considerations may motivate the government to cool it off.
If the government pumps all the liquidity it can, it wouldn't have any ammunition left to revive it when it comes down. If the global economy has revived then, Chinese economy may have a soft landing with strong exports. The asset markets will certainly have a hard landing. However, if the global economy remains weak then, which is my view, both asset markets and the economy would have a hard landing. The political cost may be too great for the government to risk it all now.
A less risky approach is to adopt a stop-and -go approach. The government releases a wave of liquidity like now and then turns off the tap. Markets will run out of steam when it is all absorbed. When markets fall low enough, the government could release another wave to revive them. This approach makes the ammunition last and limit the bubble size, which contains the damage when the bubble eventually bursts. I suspect that that would be the government's policy. If the global downturn remains for the next few years, we could see that China's property and stock market experience big fluctuations every year. The downward movement of the current wave may happen around the National Day.
Many would argue that China isn't experiencing a bubble. The high asset prices just reflect China's high growth potential. One can never make an ironclad case to pin down an asset boom as a bubble. An element of judgment based on experience is inevitable when one calls a market boom a bubble. I have had a reasonably good record at calling bubbles in the past. I wrote my doctoral thesis arguing that Japan was a bubble in late 1980s, a long report at the World Bank in earl 1990s arguing that Southeast Asia was a bubble, research notes at Morgan Stanley in 1999 calling dotcom boom a bubble, and numerous research notes from 2003 onwards arguing that the US property market was a bubble. On the other hand I have never called something a bubble that turned out not to be a bubble.
I want to make myself perfectly clear on China's asset markets today. They are a big bubble. Its bursting will bring very bad consequences for the country. However, as so many are enjoying what's going on, I don't think the government would act preemptively to eliminate the bubble. Indeed, many, if not the majority, in the policy circle argue that the bubble is good for reviving the economy. This sort of thinking seems to work because the dollar is weak, as the bubble can be revived with more liquidity when it cools off. When the dollar revives, China's asset markets and, probably, the economy would have a hard landing. I hope that the people who advocate the benefits of the bubble would stand up then to accept the responsibilities for the damages.
The most basic approach in studying bubbles is to look at valuation. For property the most important measures are price to income ratio and rental yield. China's average price per square meter nationwide is quite close to the average in the US. The US's per capita income is seven times China's urban per capita income. The nationwide average price is about three months of salary per square meter, probably the highest in the world. As far as I can tell, a lot of properties can't be rented out at all. Those that can bring in 3 % yield,cheap UGG boots, barely compensating for depreciation. The average rental yield, if one including those that can't be rented out, is probably negligible. China's property price doesn't make sense from affordability or yield perspective. Some argue that China's property is always like this: appreciation is the return. This is not true. The property market dropped dramatically from 1995-2001 during a strong dollar period.
A special angle in China's property bubble is its role in local government finance. As land sales and taxes from property sales account for a big portion of local government revenues, they have powerful incentives to pump up the property market. Land sales are often carefully managed to spike up expectation. For example, those who bid extraordinarily high prices for land are laurelled as land kings. Lately, the land kings are often state-owned enterprises. When state-owned enterprises borrow from state owned band and give the money to local governments at land auctions, why should the prices be meaningful? The money circulates within the big government pocket. Tomorrow's non-performing loans, if land prices collapse, are just today's fiscal revenues. If private developers follow the SoEs to chase the skyrocketing land market, they could be committing suicide.
The stock market is in a final frenzy again. The most ignorant retail investors are being sucked in by the rising momentum. They again dream of getting rich overnight. As in the past, retail investors usually lose, especially like the ones jumping in now. The final frenzy usually doesn't last. The turning points in China are often related to political calendar. Retail investors hold the popular belief that the government won't let the market drop before October 1, the 60th anniversary of the PRC. Last time it was the 17th Party Congress in October 2007. This sort of belief is self-fulfilling in the short term. The market tends to roll over around the time. If the past is of meaningful guidance, this wave will taper off before October.
< br> The idea that the government wouldn't let the market drop is rooted in Chinese market psychology. In financial jargon, it is called a put option. During the Greenspan era, financial markets believed that he would always bail out markets in a crisis ,UGG shoes, which was the so-called Greenspan put. The belief in China should be called the Panda put. However, in reality, the government couldn't reverse the market trend when it turns. Chinese stock market has big ups and downs in the past , which shows the government's inability to stop the market from falling. Nevertheless, this imaginary put option remains deeply rooted in popular psychology.
Many policy thinkers believe that bubbles are not that harmful. One popular theory is that in a bubble money is passed from one person to another and, as long as it remains in China, no permanent harms can be done. Hence, if people are happy now and unhappy tomorrow, they just cancel each other. They should look at Japan and Hong Kong to see how much damage a bubble can do even without leaking money out of a country.
In a bubble resources are diverted to bubble making activities. The resources will be permanently wasted. For example, businessmen in China are reluctant to focus on real economic activities and are devoting time and energy to market speculation. It means that China wouldn't have many globally competitive companies in the future. Even though China has had three decades of high growth, few companies are globally competitive. The serial bubble making in the Chinese economy may be the reason.
A generation of young people is not interested in real jobs and is addicted to stock market speculation. They see their holdings changing in value in a day more than their monthly salary and have the illusion that they would make a lot of money in the market. Of course, most of them will lose everything and may take extreme actions afterwards. The social consequences could be quite serious.
A property bubble usually leads to overbuilding. The empty buildings represent permanent losses. Most people would laugh at such a possibility in China. After all, 1.3 billion would need unlimited properties. The reality is quite different. China's urban living space is 28 square meters per person, quite high by international standard. China's urbanization is about 50%. It could rise to 70-75%. Afterwards the rural population would decline on its own due to its high average age. So China's urban population may rise by another 300 million people. If we assume they all can afford property (a laughable notion at today's price), Chinese cities may need an additional 8.4 billion square meters. China's work-in-progress is over 2 billion square meters. There is enough land out there for another 2. The construction industry has production capacity of about 1.5 billion square meters per annum. Absolute oversupply, ie, there aren't enough people for all the buildings, could happen quite soon. When it happens, the consequences are quite severe. Property prices could drop like Japan has experienced in the past two decades, which would destroy the banking system.
The most serious damage that a property bubble inflicts is in changing demographics. High property prices bring down birth rates. When property prices decline after a bubble bursts, the low birth rate culture cannot be changed. Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan all went through property bubbles during their development. Their birth rates dropped during the bubbles and didn't recover afterwards despite government providing incentives. China's one-child policy alone will lead to a demographic catastrophe in two decades. The property bubble makes the trend irreversible: when the government abandons the one-child policy, there wouldn't be meaningful impact on birth rate. Within two decades Chinese population could be very old and declining. Of course, property prices would be very low and declining also.
In addition to net losses the redistribution aspect of a bubble has serious social consequences too. In the stock market bubble most households lose and a few win big. China's wealth inequality is already very high. The bubbles make it worse. A sizable or even the majority of China's population may not have meaningful wealth even after China's urbanization is complete. It will lead to an unstable society. A market economy is stable and efficient when the majority has meaningful wealth and, hence,UGG bailey button, has a stake in the system.
In summary, the market frenzy now won't last long. The correction may happen in the fourth quarter. There could be another wave of frenzy next year as China can still release more liquidity. When the dollar recovers, possibly in 2012, China's property and stock market could experience collapses like during the Asian Financial Crisis.
Chinese asset markets have become a giant Ponzi scheme. The prices are supported by appreciation expectation. As more people and liquidity are sucked in, the resulting surging prices validate the expectation, which prompts more people to join the party. This sort of bubble ends when there isn't enough liquidity to feed the beast.
Xie Sohu blog
Liquidity isn'ta constraint yet. Even though loans grew by 24.4% in the first half or Rmb 7.4 trillion,UGG boots cheap, loan-deposit ratio increased only to 66.6% in June 2009 from 65% in December 2008. It means that many loans have not been spent in real economic activities and have merely supplied leverage for asset market transactions. China's property market is very similar to Hong Kong's in 1997.
The origin of the asset bubble in China is excess liquidity as reflected in high level of foreign exchange reserves and low loan deposit ratio. The low interbank rate defines how serious excess liquidity s. The massive buildup of liquidity in China was due to weak dollar and strong exports. As dollar entered a bear market in 2002, China's Rmb followed it down. The appreciation expectation drove liquidity to China. One fourth of China's foreign exchange reserves could be due to this factor.
China's productivity rose rapidly after it joined the WTO. The massive buildup in infrastructure and the relocation of manufacturing sector to China pushed up Chinese labor's productivity rapidly. At the same time, Chinese currency declined as it rose against the dollar less than its decline. The combination of rising productivity and weak currency led to the massive export growth. The resulting dollar earnings pumped up China's monetary system. < br>
While China is experiencing weak exports now, the weak dollar allows China to release the liquidity saved up during the boom in the past five year without worrying about currency depreciation. How far would the bubble go and for how long? < br>
It is not too hard to understand when the bubble would burst. When the dollar becomes strong again, liquidity could leave China sufficiently to pop the bubble. What's occurring in China now is no different from what happened in other emerging markets before. Weak dollar always led to bubbles in emerging economies that were hot at the time. When the dollar turns around, the bubbles inevitably burst.
It is difficult to tell when the dollar will turn around. The dollar went into a bear market in 1985 after the Plaza Accord and bottomed ten years later in 1995. It then went into a bull market for seven years. The current dollar bear market began in 2002. The dollar index ('DXY') has lost about 35 % value since. If the last bear market is of useful guidance, the current one could last until 2012. But, there is no guarantee. The IT revolution began the last dollar bull market. The odds are that another technological revolution is needed for the dollar to enter a sustainable bull market.
However, monetary policy could start a short but powerful bull market for the dollar. In the early 1980s Paul Volker, the Fed Chairman then, increased interest rate to double digit rate to contain inflation. The dollar rallied very hard afterwards. Latin American crisis had a lot to do with that.
The current situation resembles then. Like in the 1970s the Fed is denying the inflation risk due to its loose monetary policy . The longer the Fed waits, the higher the inflation will peak. When inflation starts to accelerate, it would cause panic in financial markets. To calm the markets, the Fed has to tighten aggressively, probably excessively, which would lead to a massive dollar rally. This would be the worst possible situation: a strong dollar and a weak US economy. China's asset markets and the economy would almost surely go into a hard landing.
How far the bubble would go depends on the government's liquidity policy. The current bubble wave is very much driven by the government encouraging banks to lend and the super low interbank interest rate. As the Fed's interest rate is zero, the dollar is weak, China's foreign exchange reserves are high, and the loan deposit ratio is low, China could increase liquidity, which would expand the bubble further. However, other considerations may motivate the government to cool it off.
If the government pumps all the liquidity it can, it wouldn't have any ammunition left to revive it when it comes down. If the global economy has revived then, Chinese economy may have a soft landing with strong exports. The asset markets will certainly have a hard landing. However, if the global economy remains weak then, which is my view, both asset markets and the economy would have a hard landing. The political cost may be too great for the government to risk it all now.
A less risky approach is to adopt a stop-and -go approach. The government releases a wave of liquidity like now and then turns off the tap. Markets will run out of steam when it is all absorbed. When markets fall low enough, the government could release another wave to revive them. This approach makes the ammunition last and limit the bubble size, which contains the damage when the bubble eventually bursts. I suspect that that would be the government's policy. If the global downturn remains for the next few years, we could see that China's property and stock market experience big fluctuations every year. The downward movement of the current wave may happen around the National Day.
Many would argue that China isn't experiencing a bubble. The high asset prices just reflect China's high growth potential. One can never make an ironclad case to pin down an asset boom as a bubble. An element of judgment based on experience is inevitable when one calls a market boom a bubble. I have had a reasonably good record at calling bubbles in the past. I wrote my doctoral thesis arguing that Japan was a bubble in late 1980s, a long report at the World Bank in earl 1990s arguing that Southeast Asia was a bubble, research notes at Morgan Stanley in 1999 calling dotcom boom a bubble, and numerous research notes from 2003 onwards arguing that the US property market was a bubble. On the other hand I have never called something a bubble that turned out not to be a bubble.
I want to make myself perfectly clear on China's asset markets today. They are a big bubble. Its bursting will bring very bad consequences for the country. However, as so many are enjoying what's going on, I don't think the government would act preemptively to eliminate the bubble. Indeed, many, if not the majority, in the policy circle argue that the bubble is good for reviving the economy. This sort of thinking seems to work because the dollar is weak, as the bubble can be revived with more liquidity when it cools off. When the dollar revives, China's asset markets and, probably, the economy would have a hard landing. I hope that the people who advocate the benefits of the bubble would stand up then to accept the responsibilities for the damages.
The most basic approach in studying bubbles is to look at valuation. For property the most important measures are price to income ratio and rental yield. China's average price per square meter nationwide is quite close to the average in the US. The US's per capita income is seven times China's urban per capita income. The nationwide average price is about three months of salary per square meter, probably the highest in the world. As far as I can tell, a lot of properties can't be rented out at all. Those that can bring in 3 % yield,cheap UGG boots, barely compensating for depreciation. The average rental yield, if one including those that can't be rented out, is probably negligible. China's property price doesn't make sense from affordability or yield perspective. Some argue that China's property is always like this: appreciation is the return. This is not true. The property market dropped dramatically from 1995-2001 during a strong dollar period.
A special angle in China's property bubble is its role in local government finance. As land sales and taxes from property sales account for a big portion of local government revenues, they have powerful incentives to pump up the property market. Land sales are often carefully managed to spike up expectation. For example, those who bid extraordinarily high prices for land are laurelled as land kings. Lately, the land kings are often state-owned enterprises. When state-owned enterprises borrow from state owned band and give the money to local governments at land auctions, why should the prices be meaningful? The money circulates within the big government pocket. Tomorrow's non-performing loans, if land prices collapse, are just today's fiscal revenues. If private developers follow the SoEs to chase the skyrocketing land market, they could be committing suicide.
The stock market is in a final frenzy again. The most ignorant retail investors are being sucked in by the rising momentum. They again dream of getting rich overnight. As in the past, retail investors usually lose, especially like the ones jumping in now. The final frenzy usually doesn't last. The turning points in China are often related to political calendar. Retail investors hold the popular belief that the government won't let the market drop before October 1, the 60th anniversary of the PRC. Last time it was the 17th Party Congress in October 2007. This sort of belief is self-fulfilling in the short term. The market tends to roll over around the time. If the past is of meaningful guidance, this wave will taper off before October.
< br> The idea that the government wouldn't let the market drop is rooted in Chinese market psychology. In financial jargon, it is called a put option. During the Greenspan era, financial markets believed that he would always bail out markets in a crisis ,UGG shoes, which was the so-called Greenspan put. The belief in China should be called the Panda put. However, in reality, the government couldn't reverse the market trend when it turns. Chinese stock market has big ups and downs in the past , which shows the government's inability to stop the market from falling. Nevertheless, this imaginary put option remains deeply rooted in popular psychology.
Many policy thinkers believe that bubbles are not that harmful. One popular theory is that in a bubble money is passed from one person to another and, as long as it remains in China, no permanent harms can be done. Hence, if people are happy now and unhappy tomorrow, they just cancel each other. They should look at Japan and Hong Kong to see how much damage a bubble can do even without leaking money out of a country.
In a bubble resources are diverted to bubble making activities. The resources will be permanently wasted. For example, businessmen in China are reluctant to focus on real economic activities and are devoting time and energy to market speculation. It means that China wouldn't have many globally competitive companies in the future. Even though China has had three decades of high growth, few companies are globally competitive. The serial bubble making in the Chinese economy may be the reason.
A generation of young people is not interested in real jobs and is addicted to stock market speculation. They see their holdings changing in value in a day more than their monthly salary and have the illusion that they would make a lot of money in the market. Of course, most of them will lose everything and may take extreme actions afterwards. The social consequences could be quite serious.
A property bubble usually leads to overbuilding. The empty buildings represent permanent losses. Most people would laugh at such a possibility in China. After all, 1.3 billion would need unlimited properties. The reality is quite different. China's urban living space is 28 square meters per person, quite high by international standard. China's urbanization is about 50%. It could rise to 70-75%. Afterwards the rural population would decline on its own due to its high average age. So China's urban population may rise by another 300 million people. If we assume they all can afford property (a laughable notion at today's price), Chinese cities may need an additional 8.4 billion square meters. China's work-in-progress is over 2 billion square meters. There is enough land out there for another 2. The construction industry has production capacity of about 1.5 billion square meters per annum. Absolute oversupply, ie, there aren't enough people for all the buildings, could happen quite soon. When it happens, the consequences are quite severe. Property prices could drop like Japan has experienced in the past two decades, which would destroy the banking system.
The most serious damage that a property bubble inflicts is in changing demographics. High property prices bring down birth rates. When property prices decline after a bubble bursts, the low birth rate culture cannot be changed. Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan all went through property bubbles during their development. Their birth rates dropped during the bubbles and didn't recover afterwards despite government providing incentives. China's one-child policy alone will lead to a demographic catastrophe in two decades. The property bubble makes the trend irreversible: when the government abandons the one-child policy, there wouldn't be meaningful impact on birth rate. Within two decades Chinese population could be very old and declining. Of course, property prices would be very low and declining also.
In addition to net losses the redistribution aspect of a bubble has serious social consequences too. In the stock market bubble most households lose and a few win big. China's wealth inequality is already very high. The bubbles make it worse. A sizable or even the majority of China's population may not have meaningful wealth even after China's urbanization is complete. It will lead to an unstable society. A market economy is stable and efficient when the majority has meaningful wealth and, hence,UGG bailey button, has a stake in the system.
In summary, the market frenzy now won't last long. The correction may happen in the fourth quarter. There could be another wave of frenzy next year as China can still release more liquidity. When the dollar recovers, possibly in 2012, China's property and stock market could experience collapses like during the Asian Financial Crisis.
Monday, October 25, 2010
- Fat city of the fourth class selection of quality comprehensive summary of practice
Comprehensive Practice fat city of the fourth selection of quality courses in April 26 to April 28 at the Experimental Primary School. The topics are comprehensive practical activities PARTICIPATING small guide to action research course. Guidance Section is to carry out small action research the key to his success to a large extent determine the results of a small research the quality and level. Construction of four from the General Practice Course type (open question subject classes, class action guidance, reporting the exchange class, reflect on lessons appreciate), the action guide the course of our research has been important and difficult. Selection of teaching experts last year after teaching in the action gradually become clear understanding and positioning. The selection of quality courses, you are eligible, teachers from different angles show their understanding of teaching in action, to further promote the comprehensive practical activities for classroom teaching (Operations Guide Course) Research and Exploration has played a role in fueling.
reflects the quality of class the following characteristics
1, group teaching, to some extent the concept of Each subject taught by five teachers, the guiding ideology of the classroom is different from the design idea of teaching is different from their own characteristics, guide the class action is more conducive to teaching Basic Mode. 2, clear guidance for action methods to guide the target class. No fixed teaching style, but is not fixed, but the teaching of the target is fixed. The selection of quality courses, eligible, teachers are in their own class the concept of Wen Jia Yang Xu Qing Central Primary School Teaching Side of the town hospital Caopei Pei Lu Wan Primary School Teaching 3, focusing on the effectiveness of the classroom. The real classroom is an effective classroom. High-quality selection of only 1 day of class preparation time, less emphasis on form, more of a focus on classroom and student exchanges, equal dialogue,UGG boots, and more attention to students. Liu Haiyun Wang Department of the teacher teach Stone's 4, life, society, class close harmony. Classroom back to life the concept of quality in the course of this selection can be reflected most vividly, looking back 19 lessons, each lesson is to start from the experience of life, the end-result are focused on guiding student life, serve the community. General practice is also a small value of the research have been better implemented. Liu Haiyun same class teacher, so that design-in: The introduction of the plate number of a study and analysis. Li Shan Primary School teacher in school will be a small press, the hot issue for the community Lianghai Qin, Zhou Changyun teachers teach, 5, highlighting the three-dimensional targets. Class not only mentoring, emotional experience, ability to form, more importantly, each lesson should be with the students of teachers for students to develop to extract the knowledge points. Good explanation for a very long time since the teachers have teaching experience in the formation of the 6, the students have a deep interest in the inquiry. Learn to do a small press, toilet paper, price, pros and cons of school uniforms, the digital code of life in close connection with the theme of four student life experience, effectively inspire the students to explore interest in the organization of teachers, under the guidance of the For each subject the students to explore more of the depth. Wu Kuo-tung Primary School Affiliated Teaching more depth.
problems
1, for sure there is a gap-type class. Class determines the type of different teaching objectives can not be the same. The selection of high-quality course guide for action classes, some teachers have become the subject of open questions on the course, reporting the exchange class. Open Question topics course the main task is to guide students to ask questions, order questions, group, to develop research programs; reporting Exchange Division's main task is the display of student research and evaluation; the action is the main task of teaching in the formation and training methods . 2, the action guide class and small research derailed. Action is action research Classes in the guidance, it is not an independent existence, Yun is among the small research project, a Students grasp the knowledge and research methods have a certain mastery of the foundation, while some teachers in the class only 3, the guidance does not form a gradient method. On the one hand, both experiments, surveys, or interviews, the students have a foundation before class, teachers need to do is through the classroom and effective guidance to students has improved a method of control; the other hand, classroom The method of training should be compared before and after, the teachers through mentoring, evaluation to enable students to improve on in this lesson and Development. For example, Understanding and thinking
action Classes accurately target
1, methods and skills to master the formation of the basic objectives of the guidance for action. Action guiding the implementation of integrated practice course is a small research-type class is one of the leading behavior of the students put into practice guidance, a small research students well, an important guarantee for depth. Instruction of Action focuses on upgrading of skills, but also concluding stage of research and personal reflection ability of finishing the formation of the guidance. Which both the research stage, we focus on is to guide students through the process of research experience the small, access to emotional experience, to master such as surveys, interviews, experiments, collecting and collating materials, data, statistics and analysis, and skills, and on this basis, the formation of the Institute to carry out small issues with the research capacity. Based on the above understanding and consideration, this high-quality courses are included in the selection of terms of training and ability to form different emphasis. Among them, the take precautions in the operation, and thus guide students concerned about the awareness and capacity of life; and in the debate on the basis of design and production students hands-on ability and aesthetic skills; capacity, while some digital information to guide students to master the law. Only the basic objectives of the four classes in the full analysis, grasp the objective focus, the behavior can be more effective guidance.
2, take full account of the research status of students, to ensure the effectiveness of guiding action. No matter which phase of the operation guidance is the guidance in the course of activities, from this perspective, action should be dynamically generated guide, and guide the content is based on the activities of the students (or thought) to determine the status, both students the basis of cognitive level and ability, but also including students in the research process in practical problems. Therefore, before guiding our actions, the most important issue to consider is what the students have mastered the knowledge, ability or method, we need guidance in what areas, what issues need to be resolved, and which methods or capabilities need to improve and develop, we can neither overestimate the level of research students, but they can not be underestimated: You know, the research capacity of students is not just started,UGGs, but not mastered the method. In this class, the teacher first is to organize students on the exchange of existing knowledge and methods, then guide the students by comparing the experimental method to arrive at a more scientific conclusions to guide the lives of the students behavior and consumer attitudes. Therefore, we focus on this lesson is to guide students to master not only the merits of the method of identification of toilet paper, but also in the formation of comparative and experimental skills through the , to guide our actions more effective. Miriam Zhouzhang Yun Yang Heung Central Primary School when the teacher is to teach this lesson to guide students on the basis of experiments for the performance of toilet paper and a list of prices for students through the comparative analysis of the data, ask questions, talk about that, and ultimately arrive own conclusions.
3, identify the core of the problem, and guide students to go into details. Research students to study the variation in levels, which determines the multifaceted nature of the problem. Students in the study of the problem is reflected in all aspects of the teacher to pass before class survey to find out the scope of the problem and choose among the many issues in common, a study guide for the value of the problem, we can not trade-off, not to guide Especially the guidance class, teachers should identify the core issues, to lead the effect that as a whole. Most teachers guidance in the operation, all want more students to participate in an interview, a reporter played a small role, playing one more, it is merely repeated the same level, there is no development, and improvement in the end students only So this lesson, the teacher can guide a team to fully complete a full interview process (preparation - live interview - and announced the formation of coverage). Of course, this process teachers can not be everywhere,cheap UGG boots,
flexible and take action to guide the course of the class structure
The selection of quality courses presented by 19 class, is the guiding course of action the township to explore the results of research and display, is for colleagues to Instruction of understanding of the described actions. If we are teaching in the previous stage structure for the operation of more abstract and vague, it is now, through this selection, the basic structure of class actions should guide more specific in front of us:
1, exchange of preliminary results
This is the first class action is also necessary to guide the link. Instruction of action is generated in a dynamic, student teachers only through the exchange of preliminary results, the students have to master the experience, be aware of, which is what we usually call Different from the results of the preliminary report on the results of exchange of communication, so teachers take care: results of multi-system information to form, in short; results less and do not exhaustive, the key value of the information content.
2, ask questions
this is a prelude to guide action, it can be said is the foundation. Only students there is a problem in the study have the necessary guidance. The problem with diversity: Studies from the content point of view may be the direction of the deviation from the confusion of issues or actions of the obstacles, the study may not be law; from the question author of view, both students, as well as teachers . The problems of students is inevitable, the question of teachers should be fully prepared: the students will certainly be involved in all aspects of a necessary to carry out the method in this study is what they need. This required the teachers to effectively guide: throwing problem, a That is, teachers, students need to be converted to question, and the students to the guidance of the basis of further discussion, the effect will be more apparent.
3, methods to guide
This is the key to guiding action. Methodological guidance is not a simple First, the research methods guide should be in place. Teachers guide students to select and use research methods to the specific place, including: methods used in the scope of application, advantages and disadvantages of the method itself, the method of specific steps, methods to implement the precautions and so on. Of course, the focus of methodological guidance teachers can focus on how to get students to use basic research methods to identify problems and to extract valuable topic, how to design a viable program of activities, how to collect and process all kinds of information, how reasonable division of labor groups, how to use the Internet to carry out related activities, how to write a summary of activities and reports, how to regulate the handling and use of information and so on. Second, to enable students to experience a complete training method. One method of implementing the entire process must be strictly in accordance with the method steps and the implementation of elements of a complete implementation, do not miss any important part of the implementation of a method to ensure the validity of using the method itself. To The proper time and place, detailed records and timely analysis of finishing. Second, methods to guide the entire process. Teachers can focus on a team, tracking, full consultation, the whole method of practice to master the situation, and then through the exchange and evaluation of consensus. Third, guidance should highlight the level of research methods. Research methods should reflect the guidance of a certain level. First, the methodological guidance of teachers should be conscious, there are plans to increase the intensity of the practice of research methods students, breadth and depth, so that students from the skilled use of a method to gradually shift the reasonable and flexible use of various methods; the use of a method to solve a problems or turning to a study carried out to solve several problems or a number of studies. Second, methods used to strengthen the students ability to reflect. Methodological guidance of teachers should be permeated with the whole process of research methods to guide students to the continuous reflection. These should include: advantages and disadvantages of reflection method itself, thinking the operation of the gain and loss, and practical use of the Definition of performance and so on.
4, the formation of skills
expand the use of methods to guide the effectiveness of this is the Teachers should be appropriate to create the scene for students through practice to test effectiveness of the method.
so-called We also summarized the general course only guide to action steps, in particular the use and operation of the student status to be.
normal guide action, series, long-term oriented, mentoring to be rendered spiral.
normal practice of comprehensive normalization of curriculum implementation, the key is action guiding the normalization, after all, classroom teaching is the main channel of curriculum implementation. Instruction of action research to be run through the various stages of the small, but also with the length of program. Series on the one hand,UGG bailey button, tend to come out in the classroom is often the one hand, in-depth research methods to explore, and a research method is often the use of various combinations. To guide the formation of series. On the other hand, little research methods are not fixed, mentoring is dynamically generated, so each specific grade of the semester, according to research the contents of the formation of a research methodology. For a certain kind of long-acting methods of speaking, is not only used in a study carried out in various studies of students that could have applied to, therefore, action should focus on long-term guidance, not just limited to To judge the whole, students not only master the methods used, the method can work, the formation of skills. Methods to guide the spiral method of guidance teachers should reflect a certain level and gradient. From the vertical perspective, mentoring can be divided into four grades three to six gradient, four gradient methods and practical guidance should be shallow deep, back to back, spiraling. From the horizontal point of view, each grade level of the upper and lower term is the key methods to guide
Overall, this very successful selection of quality courses. It is largely driven by a comprehensive research of small practice the research will also be able normal and effective development.
reflects the quality of class the following characteristics
1, group teaching, to some extent the concept of Each subject taught by five teachers, the guiding ideology of the classroom is different from the design idea of teaching is different from their own characteristics, guide the class action is more conducive to teaching Basic Mode. 2, clear guidance for action methods to guide the target class. No fixed teaching style, but is not fixed, but the teaching of the target is fixed. The selection of quality courses, eligible, teachers are in their own class the concept of Wen Jia Yang Xu Qing Central Primary School Teaching Side of the town hospital Caopei Pei Lu Wan Primary School Teaching 3, focusing on the effectiveness of the classroom. The real classroom is an effective classroom. High-quality selection of only 1 day of class preparation time, less emphasis on form, more of a focus on classroom and student exchanges, equal dialogue,UGG boots, and more attention to students. Liu Haiyun Wang Department of the teacher teach Stone's 4, life, society, class close harmony. Classroom back to life the concept of quality in the course of this selection can be reflected most vividly, looking back 19 lessons, each lesson is to start from the experience of life, the end-result are focused on guiding student life, serve the community. General practice is also a small value of the research have been better implemented. Liu Haiyun same class teacher, so that design-in: The introduction of the plate number of a study and analysis. Li Shan Primary School teacher in school will be a small press, the hot issue for the community Lianghai Qin, Zhou Changyun teachers teach, 5, highlighting the three-dimensional targets. Class not only mentoring, emotional experience, ability to form, more importantly, each lesson should be with the students of teachers for students to develop to extract the knowledge points. Good explanation for a very long time since the teachers have teaching experience in the formation of the 6, the students have a deep interest in the inquiry. Learn to do a small press, toilet paper, price, pros and cons of school uniforms, the digital code of life in close connection with the theme of four student life experience, effectively inspire the students to explore interest in the organization of teachers, under the guidance of the For each subject the students to explore more of the depth. Wu Kuo-tung Primary School Affiliated Teaching more depth.
problems
1, for sure there is a gap-type class. Class determines the type of different teaching objectives can not be the same. The selection of high-quality course guide for action classes, some teachers have become the subject of open questions on the course, reporting the exchange class. Open Question topics course the main task is to guide students to ask questions, order questions, group, to develop research programs; reporting Exchange Division's main task is the display of student research and evaluation; the action is the main task of teaching in the formation and training methods . 2, the action guide class and small research derailed. Action is action research Classes in the guidance, it is not an independent existence, Yun is among the small research project, a Students grasp the knowledge and research methods have a certain mastery of the foundation, while some teachers in the class only 3, the guidance does not form a gradient method. On the one hand, both experiments, surveys, or interviews, the students have a foundation before class, teachers need to do is through the classroom and effective guidance to students has improved a method of control; the other hand, classroom The method of training should be compared before and after, the teachers through mentoring, evaluation to enable students to improve on in this lesson and Development. For example, Understanding and thinking
action Classes accurately target
1, methods and skills to master the formation of the basic objectives of the guidance for action. Action guiding the implementation of integrated practice course is a small research-type class is one of the leading behavior of the students put into practice guidance, a small research students well, an important guarantee for depth. Instruction of Action focuses on upgrading of skills, but also concluding stage of research and personal reflection ability of finishing the formation of the guidance. Which both the research stage, we focus on is to guide students through the process of research experience the small, access to emotional experience, to master such as surveys, interviews, experiments, collecting and collating materials, data, statistics and analysis, and skills, and on this basis, the formation of the Institute to carry out small issues with the research capacity. Based on the above understanding and consideration, this high-quality courses are included in the selection of terms of training and ability to form different emphasis. Among them, the take precautions in the operation, and thus guide students concerned about the awareness and capacity of life; and in the debate on the basis of design and production students hands-on ability and aesthetic skills; capacity, while some digital information to guide students to master the law. Only the basic objectives of the four classes in the full analysis, grasp the objective focus, the behavior can be more effective guidance.
2, take full account of the research status of students, to ensure the effectiveness of guiding action. No matter which phase of the operation guidance is the guidance in the course of activities, from this perspective, action should be dynamically generated guide, and guide the content is based on the activities of the students (or thought) to determine the status, both students the basis of cognitive level and ability, but also including students in the research process in practical problems. Therefore, before guiding our actions, the most important issue to consider is what the students have mastered the knowledge, ability or method, we need guidance in what areas, what issues need to be resolved, and which methods or capabilities need to improve and develop, we can neither overestimate the level of research students, but they can not be underestimated: You know, the research capacity of students is not just started,UGGs, but not mastered the method. In this class, the teacher first is to organize students on the exchange of existing knowledge and methods, then guide the students by comparing the experimental method to arrive at a more scientific conclusions to guide the lives of the students behavior and consumer attitudes. Therefore, we focus on this lesson is to guide students to master not only the merits of the method of identification of toilet paper, but also in the formation of comparative and experimental skills through the , to guide our actions more effective. Miriam Zhouzhang Yun Yang Heung Central Primary School when the teacher is to teach this lesson to guide students on the basis of experiments for the performance of toilet paper and a list of prices for students through the comparative analysis of the data, ask questions, talk about that, and ultimately arrive own conclusions.
3, identify the core of the problem, and guide students to go into details. Research students to study the variation in levels, which determines the multifaceted nature of the problem. Students in the study of the problem is reflected in all aspects of the teacher to pass before class survey to find out the scope of the problem and choose among the many issues in common, a study guide for the value of the problem, we can not trade-off, not to guide Especially the guidance class, teachers should identify the core issues, to lead the effect that as a whole. Most teachers guidance in the operation, all want more students to participate in an interview, a reporter played a small role, playing one more, it is merely repeated the same level, there is no development, and improvement in the end students only So this lesson, the teacher can guide a team to fully complete a full interview process (preparation - live interview - and announced the formation of coverage). Of course, this process teachers can not be everywhere,cheap UGG boots,
flexible and take action to guide the course of the class structure
The selection of quality courses presented by 19 class, is the guiding course of action the township to explore the results of research and display, is for colleagues to Instruction of understanding of the described actions. If we are teaching in the previous stage structure for the operation of more abstract and vague, it is now, through this selection, the basic structure of class actions should guide more specific in front of us:
1, exchange of preliminary results
This is the first class action is also necessary to guide the link. Instruction of action is generated in a dynamic, student teachers only through the exchange of preliminary results, the students have to master the experience, be aware of, which is what we usually call Different from the results of the preliminary report on the results of exchange of communication, so teachers take care: results of multi-system information to form, in short; results less and do not exhaustive, the key value of the information content.
2, ask questions
this is a prelude to guide action, it can be said is the foundation. Only students there is a problem in the study have the necessary guidance. The problem with diversity: Studies from the content point of view may be the direction of the deviation from the confusion of issues or actions of the obstacles, the study may not be law; from the question author of view, both students, as well as teachers . The problems of students is inevitable, the question of teachers should be fully prepared: the students will certainly be involved in all aspects of a necessary to carry out the method in this study is what they need. This required the teachers to effectively guide: throwing problem, a That is, teachers, students need to be converted to question, and the students to the guidance of the basis of further discussion, the effect will be more apparent.
3, methods to guide
This is the key to guiding action. Methodological guidance is not a simple First, the research methods guide should be in place. Teachers guide students to select and use research methods to the specific place, including: methods used in the scope of application, advantages and disadvantages of the method itself, the method of specific steps, methods to implement the precautions and so on. Of course, the focus of methodological guidance teachers can focus on how to get students to use basic research methods to identify problems and to extract valuable topic, how to design a viable program of activities, how to collect and process all kinds of information, how reasonable division of labor groups, how to use the Internet to carry out related activities, how to write a summary of activities and reports, how to regulate the handling and use of information and so on. Second, to enable students to experience a complete training method. One method of implementing the entire process must be strictly in accordance with the method steps and the implementation of elements of a complete implementation, do not miss any important part of the implementation of a method to ensure the validity of using the method itself. To The proper time and place, detailed records and timely analysis of finishing. Second, methods to guide the entire process. Teachers can focus on a team, tracking, full consultation, the whole method of practice to master the situation, and then through the exchange and evaluation of consensus. Third, guidance should highlight the level of research methods. Research methods should reflect the guidance of a certain level. First, the methodological guidance of teachers should be conscious, there are plans to increase the intensity of the practice of research methods students, breadth and depth, so that students from the skilled use of a method to gradually shift the reasonable and flexible use of various methods; the use of a method to solve a problems or turning to a study carried out to solve several problems or a number of studies. Second, methods used to strengthen the students ability to reflect. Methodological guidance of teachers should be permeated with the whole process of research methods to guide students to the continuous reflection. These should include: advantages and disadvantages of reflection method itself, thinking the operation of the gain and loss, and practical use of the Definition of performance and so on.
4, the formation of skills
expand the use of methods to guide the effectiveness of this is the Teachers should be appropriate to create the scene for students through practice to test effectiveness of the method.
so-called We also summarized the general course only guide to action steps, in particular the use and operation of the student status to be.
normal guide action, series, long-term oriented, mentoring to be rendered spiral.
normal practice of comprehensive normalization of curriculum implementation, the key is action guiding the normalization, after all, classroom teaching is the main channel of curriculum implementation. Instruction of action research to be run through the various stages of the small, but also with the length of program. Series on the one hand,UGG bailey button, tend to come out in the classroom is often the one hand, in-depth research methods to explore, and a research method is often the use of various combinations. To guide the formation of series. On the other hand, little research methods are not fixed, mentoring is dynamically generated, so each specific grade of the semester, according to research the contents of the formation of a research methodology. For a certain kind of long-acting methods of speaking, is not only used in a study carried out in various studies of students that could have applied to, therefore, action should focus on long-term guidance, not just limited to To judge the whole, students not only master the methods used, the method can work, the formation of skills. Methods to guide the spiral method of guidance teachers should reflect a certain level and gradient. From the vertical perspective, mentoring can be divided into four grades three to six gradient, four gradient methods and practical guidance should be shallow deep, back to back, spiraling. From the horizontal point of view, each grade level of the upper and lower term is the key methods to guide
Overall, this very successful selection of quality courses. It is largely driven by a comprehensive research of small practice the research will also be able normal and effective development.
Sunday, October 24, 2010
- Enlightenment thinkers
Calm and passion from the Chinese name, generally meaning. A person's name is often ignited the aspirations of the people's ideals, aspirations, and placed the name of those wishes, expectations.
Yan Fu's life has officially changed his name twice, used the word, number, pseudonym, there are many, are meaningful.
for the first time to change the name in 1866, 14-year-old school tail Arsenal, he renamed the name, the word it?
the original in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yan has a celebrity name, surname Yan, name of compliance, the word Ziling. Yan Ziling
This is the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu Guangwu young friend, very talented, reclusive up. When the emperor Liu Xiu, Yan Ziling send someone around to look, to ask him to come out supporting govern. Yan Ziling noble nature, solitary medium, said: how, how can I work it out for you?
Liu Xiu was repeated invitation to go to the palace Yan Ziling, reminisced with his love. Night, and Yan Ziling's clothes with the couch. Yan Ziling push to his feet in his sleep on his belly, he did not mind. Unexpectedly, memorial day too historian,bailey UGG boots, said last night Liu Xiu breaks into laughter and said: However, there are bad people have seen the Yan Ziling in mischief, and the bureaucratic strife, misunderstandings. Dr. Jian Yi Liu Xiu to him, he walked quietly away, hiding in the Fuchun Mountain.
to the Northern Song Dynasty, Ming Chen Zhongyan wrote, smell in the world. Later, Yan Ziling also built beside the tomb of a high wind Court, also organized a high-Day College.
Yan Zongguang word Classmates and friends sometimes call him
is the second time to change the name after returning from overseas, 1880, 26-year-old Yan Zongguang, to the Northern Naval Academy as a teacher, and renamed the Northern why when instructors, but also to change such a name, word? What is the name of Yan profound meaning?
talk about the name of Yan -
Therefore, the Ray is moving to deep-fried, but fried in the ground, Apartments move on along, moving in smooth, the inner sun vulva, such action is smooth, go with the flow, sequential movement. The Yan Fu
say the word Related:
too. ... ... CD a few also, and it could become the world of business. a few, Grasp the essence of law and world affairs will be able to do successfully.
words includes the mastery of four interrelated elements:
1, is a shock, is moving to exercise. Action is smooth, sports
is absolute;
2, is in the ground shock, mine tremors, blending in smoothly moving, moving in along the; during yang vulva, the earthquake in the ground, do not tamper with, can not break through on the Kun (earth), and control them; movement is orderly, regular
's;
3, is to in-depth study, profound study, and explore the subtle mysteries the nature of law; to some deep research to study the law of
;
4, is to find the objective law, we must follow the law, go with the flow, sequential movement. In accordance with regular exercise. Yan Fu Road
meaning of the name a few - we use today to explain the idea to understand - one is to exercise, to change, according to the laws of motion; Second, is to some deep research to explore law of social development, painstakingly to find the truth; third, to find the truth, it is necessary to publicize the wealthy and powerful people promote the truth and let people follow the path of truth, sequential movement, efforts to move forward. - This is really the name of enlightenment thinkers unique!
Fu Mao Zedong said that What is also good! Yan Fu Road name a few, that is, Western, after a thorough study of Yen Fu, together, with the ancient oriental philosophy of language, use the search for truth to the West
Yan few more names, words, is this bear with a profound philosophical truth, his ideals and aspirations, and he determined the cause of life to do.
seems today, we finally understand -
Fu Road name a few points still have to fire --- the name! The past century, scholars say that he is China's Prometheus, stealing fire west of truth, light ideology of China in the new century - the torch of the modern scientific thought. Only Fu, it will illuminate the ancient Western China into the sky dark night the torch. Yan Fu
to change the name, that he from 1880 onwards, his own life is very clear position. Concern for the fate, as one to serve the country Yan Fu, in his opinion, Western, and that he found the salvation of the truth, he must try every means to preach the truth of the people. He always inspired to use their own name, I was Yan Fu, I was a few road, meaning of my life, my goal here. I want to achieve their goals in life, the value of life, we must move, to keep a few deep research to practice this truth.
So, I think,UGG boots clearance, from the name of Yan few more, you can see: Yan is a very cool-headed philosopher, but also a passion of patriots.
See, Yan Fu, and can not drop. ... ... Early night diligently, together comrades of the force, seeking to transfer the calamity for the blessing it, because harm into it now! Tennyson vocabulary poem says:
sail the sea, the storm vast;
or perish without end, or up to the immortals;
any choice between the two, the natural first place.
almost time when the peace, I Fen wali,
not startled not, the husband of the will!
I would like the whole world off, a total vector Sri Lanka chih!
is sent to the National People Fu fighting the call sign of solidarity, his firm a strong pledge: to make a courageous determination of the real man, the world is off, seize the time, not afraid of difficulties, and work hard ah! What a blazing patriotic passion ah!
rescue and strengthen the country identified the road, take action, we must first movement of people to promote road.
It so happened, called the Fu Road, a few names of people, but why is the name
Fu so he argued by the Western liberal democratic culture of the people, has a profound accomplishments of Western academic who has unique insight and outstanding talent, how can Biede live there, then do not say! Democracy and freedom, civil rights, first and foremost to freedom of speech, people are concerned about the affairs right to criticize political affairs. Advocate of Western democracy and freedom, the first step, at least to fight for their right to speak! Sharp eyes, deep thoughts, determine the language is sharp Yan Fu, the analysis of political affairs on the situation, often penetrating. Guo Fu was originally recommended by a diplomat is to train him to become the
Fu prepared the study, there are his own, please write the couplet Zheng Xiaoxu:
Chi. Yan study the couplet, with the same name as his expression of confidence Yan life orientation.
than since he is the What is emulated? Emulated what he said wealthy and powerful people of the Road, is the truth, even the saints could not change what he said, the saints will recognize the truth is the truth, he said. This is not to say his
saints but also clever than you! Is not very extreme, very mad lying? Overrate their own strength is not it? Although such a public claim, then, after a notoriety in Yan Fu, Fu heart really long but this is positioning himself. Yan Fu's claim that today seems not too much.
the perspective of history, today's perspective, it is the sage Fu, if the saints understood as a turning point in history, anticipating the fundamental - such as the spiritual life of the great thinkers, then only the first modern Chinese sage Fu.
Yan is standing in the past - modern at the turn of the century historical turning point of the Enlightenment thinkers, he spread of Western philosophy, the modern scientific thinking, China opened the door, following the history of Chinese thought of Confucius, Zhu Xi after The third milestone of the saints.
3, the power of thought. Yan Fu is
thinker, he foresight to promote the salvation of Western reason. However, through what channels to promote it? State who you are, a very good policy recommendations, but you unknown naval instructors,UGG bailey button, how to hear your views on national leaders?
layers of repression under the dictatorship, he would like to have a say Fu, to promote the truth, you must also enter the upper class only through the examination, social recognition, that is, with the However, at the time, from the first time in Fuzhou sit back to 1893, four years before and after the examination should have failed. Fu fame career to change people through the lowly efforts have failed. You are not elite, not the upper class officials, you do not have the right to speak, who will listen to you talking about? You are the thinkers who recognize it?
you have any way to let people know you have to learn from the West of
1888 年底 11.16 - 12.10, Kang letter twice, the recommendations put forward political reform, that was a way to speak for the civilian population, ah, but Weng, Censorate what do not do it, you guys letter, Kang is no way for disciples turned back to Guangdong to gather to give lectures, wrote books.
the right to speak for the practice of Kang Yan What inspired you on?
from 1888 to 1898, Kang letter to six years, first five, including three thousand in 1895 claims to have held the so-called sub-signature of Chayuan, not in court, reverberated in the upper, the emperor can not see. Or not Your opinion no matter how good, they could not reach 1886.11 founded on Tianjin Times; 1889.1.31. The Globe resume publication.
published articles in newspapers, wrote books, published these channels are thought Fu, but you are a school's instructors, the total run, do not have the identity and visibility, the conditions are not so free , but also jealous and reprimanded Li's scruples, or does not work. Only small areas at a friend's letters and discussion in Hair, but also beware of bad people behind the snitch, prompting a lot of trouble.
1894 years of Sino-Japanese War broke out, the results vulnerable to the Westernization Movement three decades, the construction of two decades of the Northern Fleet, the Navy annihilated an instant! Small island in Japan, no less than a powerful fleet of warships Qing artillery smashed the old empire in one fell swoop fond dreams of heavenly! Nationwide indignation, patriotic people bitter. This is true to the critical moment of national subjugation and racial extinction, no longer can no longer boast boast, indulge in what the Chinese Empire into the heavenly kingdom. Government and from top to bottom, a despair, the future of the vast, or perish abyss, ah! The emperor to give Kings and ministers panic, blame blame, there is no discussion of national affairs to the point. Or stop-gap measures, or rambling incomprehensible.
As the Northern Navy Zongjiao Tou Fu, his classmates, fellow students, family and friends are familiar with hundreds of his comrades, died heroically in battle, the grief extremely distressed, far more than the ordinary people.
Western accumulated two years, feeling particularly keen Fu, he did, he was prophetic, and heart, too much to say, but there to say? Crimping his mind a mountain. His food is not sweet taste, hardly sleep last night, often sleeping high, Do not wash his face, his beard is not shaving, simply (He has left to be, not destroy the decadent) induced by Liang in his letter said:
objects, Princess Yu Tu, so that said he was
Princess Yu Tu, and finally spray out! 1895 February-May, as a row in Tianjin Fu crazy, important article. Yan Fu was finally published in the press concern for the fate of intellectuals on the win right to speak, to find the truth preached, critical real big speaker microphone.
number of articles on this subject, Fu said:
the people, to intellectual, moral, whom the three fundamental forces, three Sheng Cheng, the rich and powerful effect is not made; ... ... What, then road to China from today, no change in the custom today, the survival of the number, wait for the re- terms and we know carry on. is the government today, in addition to the old, the people should go to the victims of the intellectual, moral, force persons; in new cloth, should establish its Yimin wisdom, virtue, force those. this is by, The real reason to Gezhi true knowledge obtained from the latitude. The only case, also from the standard. This is why the grand period of years, marking it to save the perilous crisis today, ... .... is made. Comprehensive analysis of the advantages of the Western powers and China beating the reasons behind the proposed Proposed to change
can be said that Fu to the West during the Reform Movement is the most profound understanding of Chinese scholars. His theory of ideas has become the political reforms was the torch of salvation conservation lit the fire of the reform movement. May 1895 after the Reformists are established throughout the country learn, schools, set up newspaper, to transfer social trends, enlighten the people. Yan Fu's five political essays, a leading national salvation movement, the most complete and most advanced theory of guidance to promote the launching of the reform movement.
can say is that the use of this five, history of the Enlightenment thinkers of the lofty status. In particular, he mentioned the translation of In the reform movement had a tremendous impact in, but also brought him unprecedented praise.
Fu is essential for Constitutional Reform and Modernization theorists. Even self-proclaimed saint praised Fu Kang
Yan recognize that they are conscious of the importance of ideological thought, he finally found his historical position, for comfort to him. Yan Fu Yan Kui said his son:
and Foreign Affairs for not recently, and I may sometimes days to see more of the West book, feel the world is only the cause of this is true,Discount UGG boots, then there will pass the world to know the reason why bit, all things come to genesis, and the people running the country out of the Road, are the homes of Mo by the. Of course, the weapons can not replace the criticism of weapons, material force can only be destroyed by material force, but a theory by controlling the crowd, will become a material force. Theory as long to convince people, can control the masses; and as long as the complete theory, we can convince people. Radical is to grasp the root. But the man is simply the people themselves. ) and Wang Hong, Liang books cloud:
Here are the same people see the Divine within, Face the meaning of General Tao-Li. There is a world great news, not only made vibration deaf deaf, new eyes and ears have been reported. Not eloquent former times in Europe, see two books to have a quiet Chek no argument on the corner, caught an introduction, the political and religious worth a moment of academic Fiji change. The eyes and ears of non-take world of knowledge hijacking of also, to destroy depression in a road clearance, power break room Yi Er. End of the Chinese and non-reformers of the machine, then have rested in peace. Shen Xun two thousand years of high Andean business of the law, put out at this time, the Fiji academic whom political and religious change. >
cautionary , but also to , the use of iron; iron can not cure, and with fire.
only Fu, will illuminate the ancient Western into the sky dark night the torch in China. In this new century, China lit the fire thinking!
- century Chinese thought he was the one passion burning bright cultural >
next say
Yan Fu's life has officially changed his name twice, used the word, number, pseudonym, there are many, are meaningful.
for the first time to change the name in 1866, 14-year-old school tail Arsenal, he renamed the name, the word it?
the original in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yan has a celebrity name, surname Yan, name of compliance, the word Ziling. Yan Ziling
This is the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu Guangwu young friend, very talented, reclusive up. When the emperor Liu Xiu, Yan Ziling send someone around to look, to ask him to come out supporting govern. Yan Ziling noble nature, solitary medium, said: how, how can I work it out for you?
Liu Xiu was repeated invitation to go to the palace Yan Ziling, reminisced with his love. Night, and Yan Ziling's clothes with the couch. Yan Ziling push to his feet in his sleep on his belly, he did not mind. Unexpectedly, memorial day too historian,bailey UGG boots, said last night Liu Xiu breaks into laughter and said: However, there are bad people have seen the Yan Ziling in mischief, and the bureaucratic strife, misunderstandings. Dr. Jian Yi Liu Xiu to him, he walked quietly away, hiding in the Fuchun Mountain.
to the Northern Song Dynasty, Ming Chen Zhongyan wrote, smell in the world. Later, Yan Ziling also built beside the tomb of a high wind Court, also organized a high-Day College.
Yan Zongguang word Classmates and friends sometimes call him
is the second time to change the name after returning from overseas, 1880, 26-year-old Yan Zongguang, to the Northern Naval Academy as a teacher, and renamed the Northern why when instructors, but also to change such a name, word? What is the name of Yan profound meaning?
talk about the name of Yan -
Therefore, the Ray is moving to deep-fried, but fried in the ground, Apartments move on along, moving in smooth, the inner sun vulva, such action is smooth, go with the flow, sequential movement. The Yan Fu
say the word Related:
too. ... ... CD a few also, and it could become the world of business. a few, Grasp the essence of law and world affairs will be able to do successfully.
words includes the mastery of four interrelated elements:
1, is a shock, is moving to exercise. Action is smooth, sports
is absolute;
2, is in the ground shock, mine tremors, blending in smoothly moving, moving in along the; during yang vulva, the earthquake in the ground, do not tamper with, can not break through on the Kun (earth), and control them; movement is orderly, regular
's;
3, is to in-depth study, profound study, and explore the subtle mysteries the nature of law; to some deep research to study the law of
;
4, is to find the objective law, we must follow the law, go with the flow, sequential movement. In accordance with regular exercise. Yan Fu Road
meaning of the name a few - we use today to explain the idea to understand - one is to exercise, to change, according to the laws of motion; Second, is to some deep research to explore law of social development, painstakingly to find the truth; third, to find the truth, it is necessary to publicize the wealthy and powerful people promote the truth and let people follow the path of truth, sequential movement, efforts to move forward. - This is really the name of enlightenment thinkers unique!
Fu Mao Zedong said that What is also good! Yan Fu Road name a few, that is, Western, after a thorough study of Yen Fu, together, with the ancient oriental philosophy of language, use the search for truth to the West
Yan few more names, words, is this bear with a profound philosophical truth, his ideals and aspirations, and he determined the cause of life to do.
seems today, we finally understand -
Fu Road name a few points still have to fire --- the name! The past century, scholars say that he is China's Prometheus, stealing fire west of truth, light ideology of China in the new century - the torch of the modern scientific thought. Only Fu, it will illuminate the ancient Western China into the sky dark night the torch. Yan Fu
to change the name, that he from 1880 onwards, his own life is very clear position. Concern for the fate, as one to serve the country Yan Fu, in his opinion, Western, and that he found the salvation of the truth, he must try every means to preach the truth of the people. He always inspired to use their own name, I was Yan Fu, I was a few road, meaning of my life, my goal here. I want to achieve their goals in life, the value of life, we must move, to keep a few deep research to practice this truth.
So, I think,UGG boots clearance, from the name of Yan few more, you can see: Yan is a very cool-headed philosopher, but also a passion of patriots.
See, Yan Fu, and can not drop. ... ... Early night diligently, together comrades of the force, seeking to transfer the calamity for the blessing it, because harm into it now! Tennyson vocabulary poem says:
sail the sea, the storm vast;
or perish without end, or up to the immortals;
any choice between the two, the natural first place.
almost time when the peace, I Fen wali,
not startled not, the husband of the will!
I would like the whole world off, a total vector Sri Lanka chih!
is sent to the National People Fu fighting the call sign of solidarity, his firm a strong pledge: to make a courageous determination of the real man, the world is off, seize the time, not afraid of difficulties, and work hard ah! What a blazing patriotic passion ah!
rescue and strengthen the country identified the road, take action, we must first movement of people to promote road.
It so happened, called the Fu Road, a few names of people, but why is the name
Fu so he argued by the Western liberal democratic culture of the people, has a profound accomplishments of Western academic who has unique insight and outstanding talent, how can Biede live there, then do not say! Democracy and freedom, civil rights, first and foremost to freedom of speech, people are concerned about the affairs right to criticize political affairs. Advocate of Western democracy and freedom, the first step, at least to fight for their right to speak! Sharp eyes, deep thoughts, determine the language is sharp Yan Fu, the analysis of political affairs on the situation, often penetrating. Guo Fu was originally recommended by a diplomat is to train him to become the
Fu prepared the study, there are his own, please write the couplet Zheng Xiaoxu:
Chi. Yan study the couplet, with the same name as his expression of confidence Yan life orientation.
than since he is the What is emulated? Emulated what he said wealthy and powerful people of the Road, is the truth, even the saints could not change what he said, the saints will recognize the truth is the truth, he said. This is not to say his
saints but also clever than you! Is not very extreme, very mad lying? Overrate their own strength is not it? Although such a public claim, then, after a notoriety in Yan Fu, Fu heart really long but this is positioning himself. Yan Fu's claim that today seems not too much.
the perspective of history, today's perspective, it is the sage Fu, if the saints understood as a turning point in history, anticipating the fundamental - such as the spiritual life of the great thinkers, then only the first modern Chinese sage Fu.
Yan is standing in the past - modern at the turn of the century historical turning point of the Enlightenment thinkers, he spread of Western philosophy, the modern scientific thinking, China opened the door, following the history of Chinese thought of Confucius, Zhu Xi after The third milestone of the saints.
3, the power of thought. Yan Fu is
thinker, he foresight to promote the salvation of Western reason. However, through what channels to promote it? State who you are, a very good policy recommendations, but you unknown naval instructors,UGG bailey button, how to hear your views on national leaders?
layers of repression under the dictatorship, he would like to have a say Fu, to promote the truth, you must also enter the upper class only through the examination, social recognition, that is, with the However, at the time, from the first time in Fuzhou sit back to 1893, four years before and after the examination should have failed. Fu fame career to change people through the lowly efforts have failed. You are not elite, not the upper class officials, you do not have the right to speak, who will listen to you talking about? You are the thinkers who recognize it?
you have any way to let people know you have to learn from the West of
1888 年底 11.16 - 12.10, Kang letter twice, the recommendations put forward political reform, that was a way to speak for the civilian population, ah, but Weng, Censorate what do not do it, you guys letter, Kang is no way for disciples turned back to Guangdong to gather to give lectures, wrote books.
the right to speak for the practice of Kang Yan What inspired you on?
from 1888 to 1898, Kang letter to six years, first five, including three thousand in 1895 claims to have held the so-called sub-signature of Chayuan, not in court, reverberated in the upper, the emperor can not see. Or not Your opinion no matter how good, they could not reach 1886.11 founded on Tianjin Times; 1889.1.31. The Globe resume publication.
published articles in newspapers, wrote books, published these channels are thought Fu, but you are a school's instructors, the total run, do not have the identity and visibility, the conditions are not so free , but also jealous and reprimanded Li's scruples, or does not work. Only small areas at a friend's letters and discussion in Hair, but also beware of bad people behind the snitch, prompting a lot of trouble.
1894 years of Sino-Japanese War broke out, the results vulnerable to the Westernization Movement three decades, the construction of two decades of the Northern Fleet, the Navy annihilated an instant! Small island in Japan, no less than a powerful fleet of warships Qing artillery smashed the old empire in one fell swoop fond dreams of heavenly! Nationwide indignation, patriotic people bitter. This is true to the critical moment of national subjugation and racial extinction, no longer can no longer boast boast, indulge in what the Chinese Empire into the heavenly kingdom. Government and from top to bottom, a despair, the future of the vast, or perish abyss, ah! The emperor to give Kings and ministers panic, blame blame, there is no discussion of national affairs to the point. Or stop-gap measures, or rambling incomprehensible.
As the Northern Navy Zongjiao Tou Fu, his classmates, fellow students, family and friends are familiar with hundreds of his comrades, died heroically in battle, the grief extremely distressed, far more than the ordinary people.
Western accumulated two years, feeling particularly keen Fu, he did, he was prophetic, and heart, too much to say, but there to say? Crimping his mind a mountain. His food is not sweet taste, hardly sleep last night, often sleeping high, Do not wash his face, his beard is not shaving, simply (He has left to be, not destroy the decadent) induced by Liang in his letter said:
objects, Princess Yu Tu, so that said he was
Princess Yu Tu, and finally spray out! 1895 February-May, as a row in Tianjin Fu crazy, important article. Yan Fu was finally published in the press concern for the fate of intellectuals on the win right to speak, to find the truth preached, critical real big speaker microphone.
number of articles on this subject, Fu said:
the people, to intellectual, moral, whom the three fundamental forces, three Sheng Cheng, the rich and powerful effect is not made; ... ... What, then road to China from today, no change in the custom today, the survival of the number, wait for the re- terms and we know carry on. is the government today, in addition to the old, the people should go to the victims of the intellectual, moral, force persons; in new cloth, should establish its Yimin wisdom, virtue, force those. this is by, The real reason to Gezhi true knowledge obtained from the latitude. The only case, also from the standard. This is why the grand period of years, marking it to save the perilous crisis today, ... .... is made. Comprehensive analysis of the advantages of the Western powers and China beating the reasons behind the proposed Proposed to change
can be said that Fu to the West during the Reform Movement is the most profound understanding of Chinese scholars. His theory of ideas has become the political reforms was the torch of salvation conservation lit the fire of the reform movement. May 1895 after the Reformists are established throughout the country learn, schools, set up newspaper, to transfer social trends, enlighten the people. Yan Fu's five political essays, a leading national salvation movement, the most complete and most advanced theory of guidance to promote the launching of the reform movement.
can say is that the use of this five, history of the Enlightenment thinkers of the lofty status. In particular, he mentioned the translation of In the reform movement had a tremendous impact in, but also brought him unprecedented praise.
Fu is essential for Constitutional Reform and Modernization theorists. Even self-proclaimed saint praised Fu Kang
Yan recognize that they are conscious of the importance of ideological thought, he finally found his historical position, for comfort to him. Yan Fu Yan Kui said his son:
and Foreign Affairs for not recently, and I may sometimes days to see more of the West book, feel the world is only the cause of this is true,Discount UGG boots, then there will pass the world to know the reason why bit, all things come to genesis, and the people running the country out of the Road, are the homes of Mo by the. Of course, the weapons can not replace the criticism of weapons, material force can only be destroyed by material force, but a theory by controlling the crowd, will become a material force. Theory as long to convince people, can control the masses; and as long as the complete theory, we can convince people. Radical is to grasp the root. But the man is simply the people themselves. ) and Wang Hong, Liang books cloud:
Here are the same people see the Divine within, Face the meaning of General Tao-Li. There is a world great news, not only made vibration deaf deaf, new eyes and ears have been reported. Not eloquent former times in Europe, see two books to have a quiet Chek no argument on the corner, caught an introduction, the political and religious worth a moment of academic Fiji change. The eyes and ears of non-take world of knowledge hijacking of also, to destroy depression in a road clearance, power break room Yi Er. End of the Chinese and non-reformers of the machine, then have rested in peace. Shen Xun two thousand years of high Andean business of the law, put out at this time, the Fiji academic whom political and religious change. >
cautionary , but also to , the use of iron; iron can not cure, and with fire.
only Fu, will illuminate the ancient Western into the sky dark night the torch in China. In this new century, China lit the fire thinking!
- century Chinese thought he was the one passion burning bright cultural >
next say
Thursday, October 21, 2010
- Chinese psychology
Plane that old professor's words: psychological counseling is to make people feel good about self, feeling as if almost impossible, as Dr. Xiaodong Yue sparked interest in psychological counseling. And Yue Boshi's
the years, each time carefully read this book, will have different gains, experience their own growing like bamboo shoots higher and higher. In 2001, as a national key vocational schools, mental health education to be carried out. At that time we Wenzhou, this is a new term, visionary Xuding Jun principals I learned about the first dry up. After that, I entered the mental health of primary and secondary education in Wenzhou City Seminar on learning, teaching and research staff Xuhui Zhu teacher in the city created by this platform, I like a duck to water, with a lot of learning and practice opportunities. In recent years, I have a common accounting teacher, Vocational Education Center of Binh Duong
We have nearly 3,000 full-time in school, we all know, vocational school students are a special group of student groups, they are selected in the examination after the exam and students, students with high quality students to have clear-cut than the S & P gap. Most of them had there been a more serious psychological problems, emotional depression, confusion of self-worth, mental impulsiveness, lack of codes of conduct and the confidence of success and so on. There are still some students into the vocational school, learning environment suited to the new face of professional courses of study and future employment of the pressure generated a series of complex psychological contradictions and conflicts, so that they exist to varying degrees, lack of awareness of learning easily assimilated by the outside world, we take the initiative, collective consciousness, ability to cooperate with others, the lack of self-confidence and other psychological imbalance. Our school's leadership attaches great importance to the mental health of teachers and students in education. September 2001, we opened a counseling room,
youth education and scientific research through the backbone of Wenzhou Teachers (mental health) Phase II study and seminar class for the first phase of research, I have mental health education in schools had a strong interest in, and put a lot of time and effort. Usually participate actively in education and training of mental health topics, focusing on personal growth. April 2003, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences made the November 2005, attended the China National Centre for Mental secondary education teacher training, psychological counseling, and passed the exam. January 2007 Mental Health Education in Zhejiang Province first batch of teachers to obtain job card A card.
In practice, I have accumulated a wealth of experience in psychological counseling and advice. Vocational Education Center is currently Director of Mental Health Education Center, is responsible for more than 3,000 teachers and students of the school mental health education. January 2005, was elected Wenzhou City Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Education Committee member. July 2006 as the city core subjects of mental health education teachers. March 2007 was elected in Wenzhou Vocational Education Research branch of the governing moral education. August 2007 was named Outstanding Moral Education Teachers city, county, excellent teacher, excellent Moral Education Teachers in Wenzhou City, Wenzhou City, advanced education, mental health workers. Pingyang County in 2007 was hired as the backbone of the first phase of mental health education teacher seminar instructor. Mental health education teachers in Zhejiang Province or job card C permit interviewers, Wenzhou City, acceptance of school counseling members of the Group Station.
2007, the country I speak of obtaining secondary vocational qualification counselors, registered spiritual flight Pingyang Psychological Counseling Center, for the community in the consulting, training and leisure activities. Continuous progress in their growth at the same time, the concept of mental health will bring more and more people around, so that they can be concerned about the mental health, improve the quality of life, building a harmonious society to contribute my own strength.
2007 年 -2008 years, I center and counseling center in Xiaoshan, Binh Duong Vocational Education Center tripartite cooperation, the creation of the two national vocational qualification training counselors. Students to absorb Cangnan and Pingyang, Ryan three counties of teachers, medical workers, business executives and other people interested in the psychological consultation. A strong teaching faculty and quality training management services to our local won a good reputation.
one activity course my psychological insights
psychological counseling in my history, I remember most is the class, I determined from conception to lesson plans to finalize the commencement of the process, got a lot of teacher guidance and help. I recall that in November 2003, to Dongtou open this lesson, we led the White County Department of Education teachers and Lin Peng Xi Zhou to our school teachers also try to listen to my students have been back I mentioned a few suggestions, it is is good enough. Their valuable experience not only brought me the lesson was the more refined the color, also made the changes I repeated the process in general learned a lot. I own insights and harvest are summarized as follows:
1, identify small targets counseling
as a class time is limited, if the target is too large counseling, then, will be involved in aspects of are more difficult to make the topic in depth, will certainly affect the counseling effect. Physical and mental development of high school students become more sophisticated, they were eager to get rid of young juveniles, but adults in their own lack of maturity and sophistication. This contradiction and conflict in interpersonal communication is most evident. At this stage, students and parents vertical linkages weakened, and horizontal linkages with peers to strengthen. They are eager to be accepted by peers, in others, some unreasonable requests, often in order to take into account the Therefore, I will determine how to target arts counseling refuse unreasonable requests of others.
2, content of counseling to be close to the student life activities
counseling activities should be based on carrier class, so that students experience in the activity, sentiment. The form of counseling can be varied, reflecting the lessons interesting psychological counseling activities, such as comedy shows,UGG boots clearance, role-playing, games, etc., but the content of the activities must be consistent with the objectives and guidance, closely linked to the theme, according to the cognitive development of our students level,bailey UGG boots, orderly, step by step to determine content.
counseling goals clear, I collected some related to this case, as a Which in actual combat exercise session, I wanted to let the students summed up their rejection with the skills to cope with school life often appear in state. When the school lecture, a teacher give me a little on this proposal: If the examples discussed here can be refined a little, a little more representative the better. I think it makes sense, then cut into three to six examples, including learning (my good friend asked me to meet him cheating in the exam, how do I say to him?), There is life ( students call me insulting nickname, I do not point to fat Well, call me brilliant ``````), spring adolescent heterosexual relationship has (with the opposite sex students to write love letters to me, let me do his (her) Female (male) friend, how to refuse good?), the topic of the discussion is both representative and has a universal significance.
3,Bailey UGG boots, the grasp of the counseling process
counseling program is designed to be very important, but the teachers counseling process control is a more important issue. I lecture in several classes found: in the same language under the guidance of the different classes of students to understand the depth of the degree is not large, as the depth of discussion varies. How can it when the start of the program to enable students to think deeply, lively discussion, great answer it? Have a senior mental teachers give me a coup: to meet with students before class time, do first a small survey, so that students living in some similar dilemma have thought in advance. So in the classroom encounter similar scenarios with, they will think more deeply.
this class, In addition, in December 2006, and I for the city of
Second, individual psychological counseling
I was a student in the process of individual counseling, there are some that impressed me so far the case, for example:
Student A:
Vonnie (pseudonym), a sad face to tell me something wrong with his mind, she pointed to the specific location of the side of the head, said: days a regular pain and headache, when in touch if the hand, but also felt that parts of the skin are not the same. In order to cure headaches, diagnosed her to the hospital several times, have not found any lesions. But she still worried, perhaps specifically to the parents of Wenzhou, an expert check your brain, but also do a variety of instruments, diagnostic, the results did not find organic disease. But Vonnie stubbornly that: even the best instrument when there are failures, even the best doctors have misdiagnosed the time. She was sure I had a strange headache. She is very eager to one day cure it, and she was convinced that The main issues were the main changes is the degree of emotional disorder is an abnormal psychological problems in general. Are due in the types of learning (JEE) caused by anxiety.
identity based on seeking help, a strong motivation to change, so this case I consider the use of Morita therapy, natural resistance that exists in reality is useless to take a hands on approach anxiety, to make progress with their own desire to do should be done immediately.
this consultation process is divided into three phases: the first visit to the establishment of consultative relations, stability, anxiety. The second phase of the problem using Morita therapy, explore root causes. The third phase of
conducted five consultation, she excitedly told me: not to worry about. immediately see the counseling effect.
Later, I put together about this case in the 2004 Mental Health Education in Zhejiang Province, the Mentoring program,
frank letter from the face of a seal, a trust in both eyes, I feel great responsibility, not neglect. How many sleepless nights, to find books, information, phone calls, the QQ students with peers encountered cases. In addition, I also keep in touch with a psychiatrist, Wenzhou, encountered difficult cases, timely, and their communication, timely referrals.
After years of exploration, our school way of individual counseling with students needs and the actual situation, there are interviews, letters, online chat, e-mail and other methods available to students free to choose, but also with Psychology teacher appointment. Our consulting room called much faster, I have forgotten to apply for reimbursement to the school.
in the usual daily work, I think the most rewarding thing is to learn their own psychological knowledge to the classroom management. September 2005, I took a combined two professional e-commerce and accounting classes. From the high beginning, our class of three consecutive semesters of civilization class, the students a strong collective sense of honor, very strong agglutination class, so classes have been among the best out of the six practices, there is a section of the first semester class. The behavior of high school students have a certain ability of doing things, it needs the opportunity and platform to show and exercise. Class service in our class work is a lot of student leaders, the group long to complete. For example, our class duty, out of bulletin boards, learning is conducted as a team, and I also encourage them to actively participate in various community activities in schools,cheap UGG boots, give them with ideas, find ways to deal with them to learn, work and the problems they encounter in life, I established between students and teachers and students of equal and harmonious relationship. Students in our class had a good day is
in practitioners of the past few years, I was learning by doing so, step by step, across the river by feeling the stones. In the course of mental health education, I truly feel the charm of a psychological counseling, in helping others, I also understand their own improvement and growth, this may be the idea of psychological counseling I hope to help more visitors from the mire of self-esteem and confusion break out of their own, to achieve
the years, each time carefully read this book, will have different gains, experience their own growing like bamboo shoots higher and higher. In 2001, as a national key vocational schools, mental health education to be carried out. At that time we Wenzhou, this is a new term, visionary Xuding Jun principals I learned about the first dry up. After that, I entered the mental health of primary and secondary education in Wenzhou City Seminar on learning, teaching and research staff Xuhui Zhu teacher in the city created by this platform, I like a duck to water, with a lot of learning and practice opportunities. In recent years, I have a common accounting teacher, Vocational Education Center of Binh Duong
We have nearly 3,000 full-time in school, we all know, vocational school students are a special group of student groups, they are selected in the examination after the exam and students, students with high quality students to have clear-cut than the S & P gap. Most of them had there been a more serious psychological problems, emotional depression, confusion of self-worth, mental impulsiveness, lack of codes of conduct and the confidence of success and so on. There are still some students into the vocational school, learning environment suited to the new face of professional courses of study and future employment of the pressure generated a series of complex psychological contradictions and conflicts, so that they exist to varying degrees, lack of awareness of learning easily assimilated by the outside world, we take the initiative, collective consciousness, ability to cooperate with others, the lack of self-confidence and other psychological imbalance. Our school's leadership attaches great importance to the mental health of teachers and students in education. September 2001, we opened a counseling room,
youth education and scientific research through the backbone of Wenzhou Teachers (mental health) Phase II study and seminar class for the first phase of research, I have mental health education in schools had a strong interest in, and put a lot of time and effort. Usually participate actively in education and training of mental health topics, focusing on personal growth. April 2003, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences made the November 2005, attended the China National Centre for Mental secondary education teacher training, psychological counseling, and passed the exam. January 2007 Mental Health Education in Zhejiang Province first batch of teachers to obtain job card A card.
In practice, I have accumulated a wealth of experience in psychological counseling and advice. Vocational Education Center is currently Director of Mental Health Education Center, is responsible for more than 3,000 teachers and students of the school mental health education. January 2005, was elected Wenzhou City Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Education Committee member. July 2006 as the city core subjects of mental health education teachers. March 2007 was elected in Wenzhou Vocational Education Research branch of the governing moral education. August 2007 was named Outstanding Moral Education Teachers city, county, excellent teacher, excellent Moral Education Teachers in Wenzhou City, Wenzhou City, advanced education, mental health workers. Pingyang County in 2007 was hired as the backbone of the first phase of mental health education teacher seminar instructor. Mental health education teachers in Zhejiang Province or job card C permit interviewers, Wenzhou City, acceptance of school counseling members of the Group Station.
2007, the country I speak of obtaining secondary vocational qualification counselors, registered spiritual flight Pingyang Psychological Counseling Center, for the community in the consulting, training and leisure activities. Continuous progress in their growth at the same time, the concept of mental health will bring more and more people around, so that they can be concerned about the mental health, improve the quality of life, building a harmonious society to contribute my own strength.
2007 年 -2008 years, I center and counseling center in Xiaoshan, Binh Duong Vocational Education Center tripartite cooperation, the creation of the two national vocational qualification training counselors. Students to absorb Cangnan and Pingyang, Ryan three counties of teachers, medical workers, business executives and other people interested in the psychological consultation. A strong teaching faculty and quality training management services to our local won a good reputation.
one activity course my psychological insights
psychological counseling in my history, I remember most is the class, I determined from conception to lesson plans to finalize the commencement of the process, got a lot of teacher guidance and help. I recall that in November 2003, to Dongtou open this lesson, we led the White County Department of Education teachers and Lin Peng Xi Zhou to our school teachers also try to listen to my students have been back I mentioned a few suggestions, it is is good enough. Their valuable experience not only brought me the lesson was the more refined the color, also made the changes I repeated the process in general learned a lot. I own insights and harvest are summarized as follows:
1, identify small targets counseling
as a class time is limited, if the target is too large counseling, then, will be involved in aspects of are more difficult to make the topic in depth, will certainly affect the counseling effect. Physical and mental development of high school students become more sophisticated, they were eager to get rid of young juveniles, but adults in their own lack of maturity and sophistication. This contradiction and conflict in interpersonal communication is most evident. At this stage, students and parents vertical linkages weakened, and horizontal linkages with peers to strengthen. They are eager to be accepted by peers, in others, some unreasonable requests, often in order to take into account the Therefore, I will determine how to target arts counseling refuse unreasonable requests of others.
2, content of counseling to be close to the student life activities
counseling activities should be based on carrier class, so that students experience in the activity, sentiment. The form of counseling can be varied, reflecting the lessons interesting psychological counseling activities, such as comedy shows,UGG boots clearance, role-playing, games, etc., but the content of the activities must be consistent with the objectives and guidance, closely linked to the theme, according to the cognitive development of our students level,bailey UGG boots, orderly, step by step to determine content.
counseling goals clear, I collected some related to this case, as a Which in actual combat exercise session, I wanted to let the students summed up their rejection with the skills to cope with school life often appear in state. When the school lecture, a teacher give me a little on this proposal: If the examples discussed here can be refined a little, a little more representative the better. I think it makes sense, then cut into three to six examples, including learning (my good friend asked me to meet him cheating in the exam, how do I say to him?), There is life ( students call me insulting nickname, I do not point to fat Well, call me brilliant ``````), spring adolescent heterosexual relationship has (with the opposite sex students to write love letters to me, let me do his (her) Female (male) friend, how to refuse good?), the topic of the discussion is both representative and has a universal significance.
3,Bailey UGG boots, the grasp of the counseling process
counseling program is designed to be very important, but the teachers counseling process control is a more important issue. I lecture in several classes found: in the same language under the guidance of the different classes of students to understand the depth of the degree is not large, as the depth of discussion varies. How can it when the start of the program to enable students to think deeply, lively discussion, great answer it? Have a senior mental teachers give me a coup: to meet with students before class time, do first a small survey, so that students living in some similar dilemma have thought in advance. So in the classroom encounter similar scenarios with, they will think more deeply.
this class, In addition, in December 2006, and I for the city of
Second, individual psychological counseling
I was a student in the process of individual counseling, there are some that impressed me so far the case, for example:
Student A:
Vonnie (pseudonym), a sad face to tell me something wrong with his mind, she pointed to the specific location of the side of the head, said: days a regular pain and headache, when in touch if the hand, but also felt that parts of the skin are not the same. In order to cure headaches, diagnosed her to the hospital several times, have not found any lesions. But she still worried, perhaps specifically to the parents of Wenzhou, an expert check your brain, but also do a variety of instruments, diagnostic, the results did not find organic disease. But Vonnie stubbornly that: even the best instrument when there are failures, even the best doctors have misdiagnosed the time. She was sure I had a strange headache. She is very eager to one day cure it, and she was convinced that The main issues were the main changes is the degree of emotional disorder is an abnormal psychological problems in general. Are due in the types of learning (JEE) caused by anxiety.
identity based on seeking help, a strong motivation to change, so this case I consider the use of Morita therapy, natural resistance that exists in reality is useless to take a hands on approach anxiety, to make progress with their own desire to do should be done immediately.
this consultation process is divided into three phases: the first visit to the establishment of consultative relations, stability, anxiety. The second phase of the problem using Morita therapy, explore root causes. The third phase of
conducted five consultation, she excitedly told me: not to worry about. immediately see the counseling effect.
Later, I put together about this case in the 2004 Mental Health Education in Zhejiang Province, the Mentoring program,
frank letter from the face of a seal, a trust in both eyes, I feel great responsibility, not neglect. How many sleepless nights, to find books, information, phone calls, the QQ students with peers encountered cases. In addition, I also keep in touch with a psychiatrist, Wenzhou, encountered difficult cases, timely, and their communication, timely referrals.
After years of exploration, our school way of individual counseling with students needs and the actual situation, there are interviews, letters, online chat, e-mail and other methods available to students free to choose, but also with Psychology teacher appointment. Our consulting room called much faster, I have forgotten to apply for reimbursement to the school.
in the usual daily work, I think the most rewarding thing is to learn their own psychological knowledge to the classroom management. September 2005, I took a combined two professional e-commerce and accounting classes. From the high beginning, our class of three consecutive semesters of civilization class, the students a strong collective sense of honor, very strong agglutination class, so classes have been among the best out of the six practices, there is a section of the first semester class. The behavior of high school students have a certain ability of doing things, it needs the opportunity and platform to show and exercise. Class service in our class work is a lot of student leaders, the group long to complete. For example, our class duty, out of bulletin boards, learning is conducted as a team, and I also encourage them to actively participate in various community activities in schools,cheap UGG boots, give them with ideas, find ways to deal with them to learn, work and the problems they encounter in life, I established between students and teachers and students of equal and harmonious relationship. Students in our class had a good day is
in practitioners of the past few years, I was learning by doing so, step by step, across the river by feeling the stones. In the course of mental health education, I truly feel the charm of a psychological counseling, in helping others, I also understand their own improvement and growth, this may be the idea of psychological counseling I hope to help more visitors from the mire of self-esteem and confusion break out of their own, to achieve
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Interview with the abundance of stainless steel
There was a customer in Germany with my product, said: I was particularly touched because I was successful.
- Li Shaojia
in this fickle era, many people pretentious, Yixing them or mind, or Top Gun, single-minded pursuit of a hard heart that the dream of golden light shining . And when everything finally got his wish when the floating light, very calm and is not an easy thing. In many cases, prosperity and desolation to a fine line between, when the realization of a dream when one by one, and perhaps the hearts of the innocent more precious.
3 month's Beijing crowded and busy, when the earth covered with a layer of slightly green when winter seems to have gently waved the sound of our worship. Gift Fair two successive ritual for many care professionals should be too busy, but also declared the year of the upcoming season. Got some in this season, we saw wearing red, his face has been hung Li Shaojia laugh, stainless steel tableware Kingdom. Very curious about how a woman fall in love with this line of stainless steel utensils, very curious veteran of many years in the market could not see a trace of her face the vicissitudes of life, so about the warm afternoon sun, accompanied by Beijing, and Ying Ying tea in smile in the beginning.
soft in the band just a dream is not far away
Even today, when talking about her accomplishments, she still considers herself lucky. Family was well off of her, almost all of the family business. Also, because the youngest at home, so much favor is granted. Founded in 1993, the abundance Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the abundance of stainless steel) is also the brother in the initial help, not by her care. Relatives of unity, brother of help,cheap UGG boots, a solid economic backing ... ... excellent condition can make her exactly as you plan to realize a dream. So naturally, the young, she became a kindergarten teacher, led a simple and happy life.
when the dream shines into reality, many people will choose an easy life,UGG bailey button, but a pushy Li Shaojia has made another choice. In 2001, when Li Shaojia a kindergarten principal, she has a new dream - the boss. Not just a stormy sea than the kindergarten, but Lishao Jia's family believe she can do it all, and she even believes in himself. Turning to kindergarten director
the biggest difference with the boss, she said: care of children, and the boss will have to be strong, firm, led the team to fight for. Since then, Li Shaojia with her dream and passion to give themselves a magnificent turn. In a perfect balance will be soft in the female character with just its head.
problems dealing with the freedom of married people
often said: a successful man, there must be a great woman. Although these words also apply to turn, where it is in the Li Shaojia couple hand in hand situation. Because the stainless steel business with the President, recalled Li Shaojia low-key and reserved in the business. Mr. in his words: she is a strong ability to work and meticulous woman. The face of a common cause, the couple clear division of labor: to stay in Shenzhen to take care of Mr. companies, responsible for customer contact, processing orders, exports and other matters, his wife is concentrating on two factories in Guangzhou and the work of Jieyang, trivial things as the factory complex, so Li Shaojia out almost year round. In the interview, I drew a Li Shaojia schedule, found that in addition to sleep, she almost all the time at work. Even the most relaxing afternoon tea in her time, her head in thought, or her work also.
. Busy as she was, with only a few days a year vacation time can not carry a cell phone, because so long as the phone, it will again become a working holiday, she will remain busy.
the show from all over the country to processing orders shipped Li Shaojia then finished the day in a cycle of another cycle spent most of the time she lived in the hotel are the jokes that he and Secretary of the married free man, when asked in terms of such a life of woman would not be very monotonous, very cruel, she said: In the heart, she believes the truth: this world is fair, will reward. Proved she was right. Fall in love with the passion and the bridge
Speaking Li Shaojia into stainless steel gift channels, somewhat the taste of cock. In 2006, when the production of mainly Western dishes accident the abundance of stainless steel to get a message: Guangdong Development Bank with the points for gift items, gifts to purchase one million sets of cutlery sets. The export business has been dominated by the abundance of stainless steel, this is an area not set foot. Because the large number, so the entire project duration, heavy task, but these are not a problem, what which product to stand out, so that GDB is a big patrons at first sight has become the most troublesome thing Lishao Jia. Points for the specialty gift items, the cost of products, style, packaging, etc. would all be considerate. This is not as simple tableware exports. If more attention to the quality of export tableware, then this integral salute order more consideration of the creative enterprises and attention to detail. After Li Shaojia repeated discussions with the entire team, proofing, today's popular . In her own words is: different from the traditional Western gift tableware tableware, compared with simple processing, the gift industry is more complicated, because the gift is not only the product produced, but also involves the product life cycle, packaging , logistics and other issues. More challenging to do the gift industry.
passionate dreams come true, but why would a woman fall in love with stainless steel cutlery and decided to join them in this trade are still people can not understand, may be seen through the author's mind, Li Shaojia gently pick up the front of a spoon explained: Bridge? A very creative word. Indeed, as essential goods on the table, in our young, the mother will eat with a spoon to feed us, when we adults, intimacy between lovers often to pass through a spoonful of ice cream, when we take care of elderly relatives living , our love will be the spoonful to his mouth by that meal to the other side feel. A little trick that seemingly simple, seemingly ordinary spoon, it is an emotional delivery of the bridge seat. Therefore, to produce a qualified spoon, Li Shaojia between people will feel the addition of an intimate, warm heart will be filled with one kind of satisfaction, as if the feelings between people themselves contributed to maintain anything. Perhaps it is this small sense of satisfaction that she can not do without a spoon, can not do without their favorite stainless steel tableware.
spoon like a strange culture
the abundance of stainless steel if the customer site visit, then the navigation bar on the home page will be able to see the We go out to dinner or attend a formal ceremony, basic table manners. In Li Shaojia seems arbitrary strong even in life today, is a measure of table manners is still a major accomplishment scale polite. These rituals should be on the table by diners knife, fork, spoon used to reflect. Some people may say, it is Western-style manners, does not apply to the East. However, Li Shaojia that will be used as long as eating utensils, a perfect set of dining utensils in addition to increasing the sense of quality, but also can convey a lot of details from a culture, a mood. There was a strict German known Li Shaojia customers get the product that hard to pay the greatest affirmation of praise for her customers feel that they really succeeded.
However, the achievements in the export trade does not make Li Shaojia meet the face of a huge domestic market, facing competition from a more complicated situation, Li Shaojia deeply aware of the importance of innovation. Speaking here, the Li Shaojia also grateful to the fate of their attention, she met a like-minded good sir. Stainless steel production because of the abundance of new products, most of the ideas come from her husband, which include the now famous mask series of tableware.
series of ideas on the mask, first formed in 2007, because 2008 is a pure Chinese, the Olympics brings together the world's eyes are here in China. Through the details of how to make foreign friends to understand, cognitive Chinese culture? Facial makeup of Beijing Opera is the quintessence of the abundance of stainless steel is undoubtedly the best choice. Peking Opera will then hit the spoon handle, so that strong Chinese characteristics, left in ordinary life became an eternal memory of Li Shaojia production of this series of products subject ideas. Unsurprisingly, a product launch, immediately caused a sensation. Surge in orders for Li Shaojia see the innovative combination of culture and charm, so in the end of 2008, she was a representative of Western culture into the field of stainless steel tableware that is Disney.
for Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Snow White, which accompanied the growth of the fresh image of the generations, Li Shaojia heart a strange feeling. Disney can get the authorization, not just the rich couplet affirmation of the strength of stainless steel business, leaving Li Shaojia realized that she has had a lifetime fighting for the cause. With her words, Disney's products can cover 3 years to 80 years to customers of all ages, and the abundance of stainless steel products can help Disney Home products to a higher level. Disney's products, she could see the company's future development direction. In this Disney project, the production of tableware Li Shaojia once again become the carrier of culture, no wonder she was proud to say: has transcended the range of tableware.
generous calm life is like a handful of sand
quality products for Li Shaojia proud of, but there is a big problem has also been plagued her - counterfeit products, that is, we often say piracy. In the country, pirated products are almost into the various areas, stainless steel utensils are not immune. From the beginning they began to spoon the smiling faces of R & D, whether a tremendously popular series of facial series or the joy of the boy, or is now the popular Disney series, Li Shaojia products have become sought after by manufacturers of pirated objects. Even in a show, we can see several exhibitors in the exhibition with their own similar products. If the change to do other people see this situation, some will choose to complain or to find that, but Li Shaojia not done so. tolerance can not help but admiration for her.
Tolerance does not mean weakness, however, the financial crisis raging, so many business owners do not own foreign trade business contraction of the front, the abundance of stainless steel in the overseas operations have also been some impact, surface on the shrinking market and the downturn in international environment, Li Shaojia then showed another general demeanor - not abandon,bailey UGG boots, do not give up. is rewarding. Many business people interviewed, but I was very curious, what makes Li Shaojia generosity and calm, it really is as she put it, Do not care, less rigid, not too big on goals and objectives, a simple look at everything ... ... So, care, the more tight grip when the faster the sand instead of the loss; and fingers when you gently close,UGG shoes, the sand but it will be full of a handful. Li Shaojia front is
Reporter's notes:
interview with Li Shaojia some of the successful beyond my level of expectation. Throughout the afternoon, our interview seems more like a chat - chat with friends two hit it off. The whole interview, Li Shaojia is probably the most impressive laugh. From the first smile politely when they meet to chat in the rise of a laugh when she showed me without any hint of the most real aspect. Said the photographer who accompanied Li Shaojia absolute Swordsman, I also lament that, apart from praising the immediate relevance of this woman's charm. Some people say that good woman is grinding out time, like a fine wine, Gan Lie, mellowness, and I want to apply a Li Shaojia there are well-known advertising slogan Without any affectation, that is so simple and sincere.
I produce is a cultural rather than a simple spoon.
- Li Shaojia
in this fickle era, many people pretentious, Yixing them or mind, or Top Gun, single-minded pursuit of a hard heart that the dream of golden light shining . And when everything finally got his wish when the floating light, very calm and is not an easy thing. In many cases, prosperity and desolation to a fine line between, when the realization of a dream when one by one, and perhaps the hearts of the innocent more precious.
3 month's Beijing crowded and busy, when the earth covered with a layer of slightly green when winter seems to have gently waved the sound of our worship. Gift Fair two successive ritual for many care professionals should be too busy, but also declared the year of the upcoming season. Got some in this season, we saw wearing red, his face has been hung Li Shaojia laugh, stainless steel tableware Kingdom. Very curious about how a woman fall in love with this line of stainless steel utensils, very curious veteran of many years in the market could not see a trace of her face the vicissitudes of life, so about the warm afternoon sun, accompanied by Beijing, and Ying Ying tea in smile in the beginning.
soft in the band just a dream is not far away
Even today, when talking about her accomplishments, she still considers herself lucky. Family was well off of her, almost all of the family business. Also, because the youngest at home, so much favor is granted. Founded in 1993, the abundance Stainless Steel Products Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the abundance of stainless steel) is also the brother in the initial help, not by her care. Relatives of unity, brother of help,cheap UGG boots, a solid economic backing ... ... excellent condition can make her exactly as you plan to realize a dream. So naturally, the young, she became a kindergarten teacher, led a simple and happy life.
when the dream shines into reality, many people will choose an easy life,UGG bailey button, but a pushy Li Shaojia has made another choice. In 2001, when Li Shaojia a kindergarten principal, she has a new dream - the boss. Not just a stormy sea than the kindergarten, but Lishao Jia's family believe she can do it all, and she even believes in himself. Turning to kindergarten director
the biggest difference with the boss, she said: care of children, and the boss will have to be strong, firm, led the team to fight for. Since then, Li Shaojia with her dream and passion to give themselves a magnificent turn. In a perfect balance will be soft in the female character with just its head.
problems dealing with the freedom of married people
often said: a successful man, there must be a great woman. Although these words also apply to turn, where it is in the Li Shaojia couple hand in hand situation. Because the stainless steel business with the President, recalled Li Shaojia low-key and reserved in the business. Mr. in his words: she is a strong ability to work and meticulous woman. The face of a common cause, the couple clear division of labor: to stay in Shenzhen to take care of Mr. companies, responsible for customer contact, processing orders, exports and other matters, his wife is concentrating on two factories in Guangzhou and the work of Jieyang, trivial things as the factory complex, so Li Shaojia out almost year round. In the interview, I drew a Li Shaojia schedule, found that in addition to sleep, she almost all the time at work. Even the most relaxing afternoon tea in her time, her head in thought, or her work also.
. Busy as she was, with only a few days a year vacation time can not carry a cell phone, because so long as the phone, it will again become a working holiday, she will remain busy.
the show from all over the country to processing orders shipped Li Shaojia then finished the day in a cycle of another cycle spent most of the time she lived in the hotel are the jokes that he and Secretary of the married free man, when asked in terms of such a life of woman would not be very monotonous, very cruel, she said: In the heart, she believes the truth: this world is fair, will reward. Proved she was right. Fall in love with the passion and the bridge
Speaking Li Shaojia into stainless steel gift channels, somewhat the taste of cock. In 2006, when the production of mainly Western dishes accident the abundance of stainless steel to get a message: Guangdong Development Bank with the points for gift items, gifts to purchase one million sets of cutlery sets. The export business has been dominated by the abundance of stainless steel, this is an area not set foot. Because the large number, so the entire project duration, heavy task, but these are not a problem, what which product to stand out, so that GDB is a big patrons at first sight has become the most troublesome thing Lishao Jia. Points for the specialty gift items, the cost of products, style, packaging, etc. would all be considerate. This is not as simple tableware exports. If more attention to the quality of export tableware, then this integral salute order more consideration of the creative enterprises and attention to detail. After Li Shaojia repeated discussions with the entire team, proofing, today's popular . In her own words is: different from the traditional Western gift tableware tableware, compared with simple processing, the gift industry is more complicated, because the gift is not only the product produced, but also involves the product life cycle, packaging , logistics and other issues. More challenging to do the gift industry.
passionate dreams come true, but why would a woman fall in love with stainless steel cutlery and decided to join them in this trade are still people can not understand, may be seen through the author's mind, Li Shaojia gently pick up the front of a spoon explained: Bridge? A very creative word. Indeed, as essential goods on the table, in our young, the mother will eat with a spoon to feed us, when we adults, intimacy between lovers often to pass through a spoonful of ice cream, when we take care of elderly relatives living , our love will be the spoonful to his mouth by that meal to the other side feel. A little trick that seemingly simple, seemingly ordinary spoon, it is an emotional delivery of the bridge seat. Therefore, to produce a qualified spoon, Li Shaojia between people will feel the addition of an intimate, warm heart will be filled with one kind of satisfaction, as if the feelings between people themselves contributed to maintain anything. Perhaps it is this small sense of satisfaction that she can not do without a spoon, can not do without their favorite stainless steel tableware.
spoon like a strange culture
the abundance of stainless steel if the customer site visit, then the navigation bar on the home page will be able to see the We go out to dinner or attend a formal ceremony, basic table manners. In Li Shaojia seems arbitrary strong even in life today, is a measure of table manners is still a major accomplishment scale polite. These rituals should be on the table by diners knife, fork, spoon used to reflect. Some people may say, it is Western-style manners, does not apply to the East. However, Li Shaojia that will be used as long as eating utensils, a perfect set of dining utensils in addition to increasing the sense of quality, but also can convey a lot of details from a culture, a mood. There was a strict German known Li Shaojia customers get the product that hard to pay the greatest affirmation of praise for her customers feel that they really succeeded.
However, the achievements in the export trade does not make Li Shaojia meet the face of a huge domestic market, facing competition from a more complicated situation, Li Shaojia deeply aware of the importance of innovation. Speaking here, the Li Shaojia also grateful to the fate of their attention, she met a like-minded good sir. Stainless steel production because of the abundance of new products, most of the ideas come from her husband, which include the now famous mask series of tableware.
series of ideas on the mask, first formed in 2007, because 2008 is a pure Chinese, the Olympics brings together the world's eyes are here in China. Through the details of how to make foreign friends to understand, cognitive Chinese culture? Facial makeup of Beijing Opera is the quintessence of the abundance of stainless steel is undoubtedly the best choice. Peking Opera will then hit the spoon handle, so that strong Chinese characteristics, left in ordinary life became an eternal memory of Li Shaojia production of this series of products subject ideas. Unsurprisingly, a product launch, immediately caused a sensation. Surge in orders for Li Shaojia see the innovative combination of culture and charm, so in the end of 2008, she was a representative of Western culture into the field of stainless steel tableware that is Disney.
for Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Snow White, which accompanied the growth of the fresh image of the generations, Li Shaojia heart a strange feeling. Disney can get the authorization, not just the rich couplet affirmation of the strength of stainless steel business, leaving Li Shaojia realized that she has had a lifetime fighting for the cause. With her words, Disney's products can cover 3 years to 80 years to customers of all ages, and the abundance of stainless steel products can help Disney Home products to a higher level. Disney's products, she could see the company's future development direction. In this Disney project, the production of tableware Li Shaojia once again become the carrier of culture, no wonder she was proud to say: has transcended the range of tableware.
generous calm life is like a handful of sand
quality products for Li Shaojia proud of, but there is a big problem has also been plagued her - counterfeit products, that is, we often say piracy. In the country, pirated products are almost into the various areas, stainless steel utensils are not immune. From the beginning they began to spoon the smiling faces of R & D, whether a tremendously popular series of facial series or the joy of the boy, or is now the popular Disney series, Li Shaojia products have become sought after by manufacturers of pirated objects. Even in a show, we can see several exhibitors in the exhibition with their own similar products. If the change to do other people see this situation, some will choose to complain or to find that, but Li Shaojia not done so. tolerance can not help but admiration for her.
Tolerance does not mean weakness, however, the financial crisis raging, so many business owners do not own foreign trade business contraction of the front, the abundance of stainless steel in the overseas operations have also been some impact, surface on the shrinking market and the downturn in international environment, Li Shaojia then showed another general demeanor - not abandon,bailey UGG boots, do not give up. is rewarding. Many business people interviewed, but I was very curious, what makes Li Shaojia generosity and calm, it really is as she put it, Do not care, less rigid, not too big on goals and objectives, a simple look at everything ... ... So, care, the more tight grip when the faster the sand instead of the loss; and fingers when you gently close,UGG shoes, the sand but it will be full of a handful. Li Shaojia front is
Reporter's notes:
interview with Li Shaojia some of the successful beyond my level of expectation. Throughout the afternoon, our interview seems more like a chat - chat with friends two hit it off. The whole interview, Li Shaojia is probably the most impressive laugh. From the first smile politely when they meet to chat in the rise of a laugh when she showed me without any hint of the most real aspect. Said the photographer who accompanied Li Shaojia absolute Swordsman, I also lament that, apart from praising the immediate relevance of this woman's charm. Some people say that good woman is grinding out time, like a fine wine, Gan Lie, mellowness, and I want to apply a Li Shaojia there are well-known advertising slogan Without any affectation, that is so simple and sincere.
I produce is a cultural rather than a simple spoon.
Monday, October 18, 2010
bare out how the Civil Aviation of China
Estimate the actual China Civil Aviation Flight punctuality rate is currently 30%, and official statistics differ. China's civil aviation use of the airspace near the limit, lag behind the actual development of the air traffic control system as a constraint to economic development of China's civil aviation critical bottleneck. The entire flight delays (CAD) industry issues
bare out how the Civil Aviation of China?
Wang in Beijing within two weeks of work travel by plane four times, and both delay: July 15, Beijing, Hangzhou, fly, delayed three hours due to unknown; July 18, fly to Beijing, Hangzhou , four hours late due to .
most Chinese airports are not regulars on the scene that strange, but this year, the situation is becoming particularly serious. Large area of aviation delays, punctuality rate has been even higher in his home base of Air China - Capital Airport is also frequently encounter for hours, is still difficult to take off; Civil Aviation Authority under the weight of public opinion forced open by the Deputy Secretary in an interview to explain ... ...
What is In short, the Chinese civil aviation sector to ensure the safety of air traffic control, the unit of time the number of aircraft flying controls. The name frequently appears unmistakably prompted with a fast and convenient as a selling point of the air traffic severely blocked.
This makes China the emerging air power strategy embarrassment. In the flow and capacity, the Chinese aviation industry currently ranks highest in the world, is considered one of the most promising markets. As of the end of May 2010, the whole air transport aircraft to China, 1486, in accordance with the development of demand is expected, China in 2015, the number of registered transport aircraft up to 2,600 aircraft by 2020 will rise to 4360. However, such a congestion of air traffic can not help but worry - whether China can operate safely and effectively in the future doubling of growth in air capacity?
given China's Civil Aviation Authority official punctuality rate of 80% or more for many years, which the public feel very different for flight delays, with some private institutions are also given the statistics are far apart. The reason why such a contrast, from the Civil Aviation Authority has been committed over the past decade internal potential to ease congestion: on the one hand, and tap the existing potential routes and route resources to expand route capacity; the other hand, through a series of stringent regulatory measures to try to reduce airline flight delays caused by reasons such as for passengers, although sitting in the aircraft taxiing on the runway and sat for hours waiting for the same waiting room is behind schedule, but there are night and day of the airline Do not - the former will be incorporated into statistical flight took off on schedule, the airlines do not have to worry about so will be subject to fines or cancellation of flights such punishment - difference is not closed the door shut.
but such efforts in the face of increasingly severe congestion on the verge of the limit - even in the past few years has been working hard to maintain the punctuality figures of 80% of the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority has had to admit , since the first half of this year's flight punctuality has dropped to 76.98 percent.
industry and research institutions are generally the crux of the point to the lack of civilian airspace, and lags behind the actual development of the air traffic control system. Years ago, the former Director General of Civil Aviation Yang Yuanyuan, had a letter for this purpose the State Council, said
the current so-called implementation of the command, civilian flights and foreign airlines flying direct from the implementation of civil aviation.
in the air traffic control system, China is only about 20% of the available airspace owned aviation use, 80% owned by military aircraft to use, and air routes, such as approval times also in the Air Force record. With the rapid development of aviation industry, aircraft and runway growth rate of growth has far exceeded the growth rate of civilian airspace, air rules for urgent expansion and changes in the use of airspace, but the changes facing the national level, civil-military coordination mechanism missing, difficult. Because changes too slow, even in the field of civil aviation command, until today, but also because of human intervention over the control process has been criticized, the Civil Aviation began the end of 2009 anti-corruption storm was so into the sky (see publication No. 19 cover story,
For visitors, the continued flight delay will mean the re-trip mode choice, which is increasingly large-scale roll out high-speed rail networks today, not illusory. As the Chinese University of Politics and Law Air and Space Research Center, Zhang Qi Huai said:
punctuality off Mirage
estimated by common practice, is currently China's civil aviation flight punctuality rate to 30% of the actual and official statistics differ
how China's flight delays in the end serious, the public feeling is not consistent with official statistics.
the one hand, due to flight delays caused by growing number of conflicts, there are staff members were China Eastern Airlines hit, with Sichuan Airlines to service personnel pushed down the stairs, kneel down with Hainan Airlines account manager, and employees were Dalian Branch China Southern hit and seriously injured. On the other hand, the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority responsible for the management of flight delays Xia Xinghua, deputy director of the Civil Aviation Authority, Aug. 7 on the delays to accept the Xinhua news agency said, even if the flight delays this year, an increase in the overall punctuality rate for China flights Habitat International forefront. The data provided show that China's civil aviation flights over the past five years, higher than normal rate of 80%, also reached 76.98 percent in the first half of this year.
15 minutes early or delayed, as a punctual departure time.
under the provisions of the Civil Aviation Authority of China, the flight time to close the door, plus launch and glide flight time, is the aircraft departure time. In other words, as long as the required flight time plus the closing door within the time prescribed taxiing to take off, even took off on schedule, and vice versa even if delayed. Among them, close the doors of time that flight coupon ticket, passengers listed on the associated Such as Beijing Capital Airport's taxi takes 30 minutes to Shenzhen Airport is 25 minutes, Chengdu and Kunming Airport is 20 minutes. Xia Xinghua News Agency in an interview in response to the Civil Aviation Authority also confirmed that indeed the side to shut the door time, flight as the normal rate of assessment criteria.
who has worked at United Airlines told the aviation industry magazine interview that the time to shut the door assessment Airlines, the airline is relatively fair, not excluding the time for passenger boarding and other causes of delay. But in foreign countries, even with the door off the normal rate of flight time evaluation, the aircraft at the airport waiting time is usually no more than 30 minutes.
the industry sources, estimated according to common practice, the current flight punctuality rate even as low as 30%, and official statistics differ. As the departure time to determine with some degree of flexibility, there is human intervention factors, the statistical reference CAA discount, technically difficult and precise, such as statistics can not rate the level of a point in time delay. United Airlines
office said that developed countries like the United States, the These statistical data through the market mechanism in detail to the circumstances of each airline, and are public information, according to airline passengers punctuality, freedom of choice take an airline flight.
can understand that, due to airline punctuality evaluation object points, the delay in the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority's governance initiatives, the airlines bear the brunt.
2009 年 7 月 至 2009 年 12 months, the rate of flight delays occur year on year decline for six consecutive months,Discount UGG boots, the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority in the January 28, 2010 teleconference was held to mobilize the whole industry will be presented from 2 10 February until 31 December, will be in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou four airports in three cities, focusing on security in the entire industry to carry out large-scale flight normal and emergency flight delays special work for the airlines which The penalty moves the most attention.
requirements under the Civil Aviation Authority, the Regional Administration published a regulation every 15 days delay in the airport departure flight information, flight punctuality rate of 20, after ranking, and the normal rate of 50% of the flights domestic flights within the following warning communications; the two airlines are warning their own reasons of flights per month, will next month to cancel the season of the flight of the aircraft to recover the moment. Four hours or more flight delays due to airline services, aircraft allocation reasons and their own group events triggered, causing significant social impact, and to cancel the flight time of the flight season, and the next flight is no longer accepting applications for Season flight schedule. The reason for the cancellation of the flight time, airlines were punished during the quarter in the flight route may not reapply for the same flights.
punished very severely. Once lost a quarter of airline flight times, loss of tens of millions of yuan. Therefore, even if the airlines can not raise short-term capacity, but also try to reduce delays, even at the One of the three major state-owned airlines in China Southern Airlines, to ensure flight punctuality, to take 5 minutes or 10 minutes earlier off the door of the measures. Airlines believe that all the resulting increased costs are offset lost but the loss of routes and flight schedules. But the measures have been implemented for several months, the effect is not obvious. According to CAA statistics, the first five months of 2010, airline flight delays caused by factors that accounted for 42.87% on average, lower than in 2009, about 0.7 percentage points, but regular flights during the first half of 2010 was only 76.89%, but decreased 5 percentage points. The airline shut the door to meet the standards of punctuality efforts taken, but more emphasis on passenger discomfort, increased passenger dissatisfaction with the delay of the aircraft.
br>
a state-owned airline insiders pointed out to the correspondents, the CAA does not prescribe the right medicine for these measures, in fact, many should not be the responsibility of the airlines attribute the airline.
One of the executives worked for many years in the airline told the correspondents, the rental cost of a plane about a month -40 30 million U.S. dollars, the average rental cost per day in more than 70,000 yuan. Airlines under the premise that security is guaranteed, both turnover rate of increase in air power, do not want to delay Konghao.
In addition, the aircraft taxiing on the runway hourly fuel consumption, more than in the sky to the same amount of time spent on fuel, such as flight delays, the airport must pay the corresponding taxes, pay the catering and other costs, and deployment of crew members. Worked at a large state-owned airline, a pilot told correspondents, pilots at two classes count, time on duty 14 hours a day,UGG bailey button, three classes are 16 hours. If you stay too long because the ground than on duty time, crew members must be replaced to ensure flight safety.
executives said the airline, a small airline flight delays each year's budget is made up to four million. Loss data on the industry level are rare, however, May 14, 2009, Yang Guoqing, deputy director of Civil Aviation of China Civil Aviation Development Forum taking part in that, for each flight air flight and ground to reduce the average waiting time of 3 minutes , this year is expected to reduce the waste of time 20 million hours of savings 4.5 billion. This is another example of airline flight delays due to the cost of losses.
airlines should not be completely exempt nature, a considerable part of the flight delay was deferred from the previous result in flight delays.
With the rapid development of the aviation industry, airlines scale expansion and capacity shortages, has become a prominent contradictions. However, the number of aircraft and the introduction of limited number of pilots, pilot training a mature period of five years to eight years in the short term is difficult to enhance the capacity problem. Civil Aviation Authority released data show that in 2009, China's civil aviation passenger traffic amounted to 230 million passengers, an increase of 19.7%, but the aircraft movements for the 4.841 million vehicles, an increase of 14.52%. In short, the flights increased, but the plane is not enough.
8 23, to solve the problem of delayed flights intensified, Eric Civil Aviation Authority told Xinhua in an interview that further require airlines to set aside 2% of total capacity as a backup capacity to ensure Flight delays can have the capacity to follow up after the remedial measures. The private airline executives said on the powerful large-scale state-owned airlines to words, the previous flight delays due to other reasons, the use of equipment machine can still operate to reduce delays,cheap UGG boots, but for small airlines, this will be more unbearable cost pressures.
even powerful as Air China, has placed an impossible place prepared for each machine.
worked for United Airlines told correspondents the foregoing, even in highly market-oriented United States, airlines have rarely put a spare aircraft, specifically, because the cost Computing
the parties, some small airlines, to ensure the normal rate of flight, the former continued flight delays, will own expense to help the next flight passenger ticket endorsed to other airlines. Eric also suggested that density in the flight on the route, especially in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou routes between hub airports, airlines, flight delays are expected as more than 4 hours, to cancel in time to avoid the long wait for passengers to facilitate passengers in time signed to other flights.
but at home, this rarely happens, one of the important reasons is that the utilization time of flight routes and times with the approval of hooks, making the airline flights were delayed penalty rather, do not want to cancel flights due to making routes and times to be canceled.
in Hong Kong, the local Civil Aviation Department Air Traffic Management Division Chief Air Traffic Control Officer LI Kwok-chu of the correspondents, said: delays, and very few flight delays in foreign countries.
air traffic congestion flow control, similar to the ground on the Chang'an Avenue in the the other side is the Civil Aviation Authority of its reasons for the delay of civil aviation statistics, and another mystery.
Although Xia Xinghua delay in the first half of the interview will air mainly due to , due to
time dating back to the past four years if the Reporter under the Civil Aviation Authority found that an open data processing, flow control due to the absolute number of flight delays caused, from 4,000 vehicles per month in 2006, about 8,000 vehicles per year to about.
in the civil statistics, Friends of the private sector network to fly a medium-sized airline based in the South as an example to do a survey, showing: June 2010, the causes of airline delays, the former accounted for 43% of flight delays continued; departure and destination airport traffic to airport traffic control accounted for 35% of the total, accounting for 5% of the weather, and other causes accounted for 17%. Friends of a fly for statistical network executives told the reporter, the former continued the reasons for flight delays statistics,
according to Xia Xinghua News Agency interview on flow
It is not difficult to understand, the civil aviation industry has always been top priority to safety, in order to ensure flight safety, in the risk zone restricted areas such as airspace and air range and flight distance between aircraft, are clearly stated.
A source close to the CAA's decision-making told correspondents this year in addition to the weather causes traffic control, the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and other waters more military activities, the Air Force airspace occupied by a corresponding increase in resources is mainly due to the increase in flow control .
popular understanding, a flight to fly from A to B, it has to go through the space, at least off the airport tarmac, runway, the airport over the porch, routes on the route, landing airfield The porch on the runway, apron. In any part of the
can be said that in addition to safety reasons, traffic control itself is designed to ensure smooth air traffic. Which to some extent, depends on the implementation of the control of air traffic control sector efficiency. Office of Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control
Liu Wendi told correspondents, members of the current air traffic control operations at full capacity most of the working pressure is beyond imagination, lots of seventeen and eighteen of the controller has been bald . He said the Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control route optimization is an ongoing one, hoping that by reducing the air traffic control coordination links, air traffic control to reduce stress, improve the efficiency of air traffic control to reduce flight delays.
to Beijing to Guangzhou route, the original implementation of the regional control, left Beijing for regional aircraft, the controller should control power to the relevant regional controllers Zhengzhou, Henan, and then turn to the Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, regional controller. At present, efforts are being made, it is the implementation of a large area control, area control directly from a member of Beijing to Guangzhou,UGGs, the regional controller controls the transfer of power. Reduce intermediate links, while reducing the pressure controller, so that increased flexibility of the flight.
but in practice, a representation of large state-owned airline pilot told correspondents, subject to air traffic control equipment, members of the backward and the overall quality of the efficiency of air traffic control in China is still low. For example, he said, the same position at the airport, the U.S. has three busy airports, the radar much, while China's current situation, most just a radar, not a plane from multiple angles. The ATC staff a lot of pressure, many controllers is not enough knowledge in the field of aviation, the lack of professional knowledge, influence the efficiency of air traffic control.
but more importantly, similar to the ground transportation not make it into the sky to be delineated.
airport: key factor in the growth
from the flight terminal - the airport's ability to view, .
Currently, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) rules of the airport into three categories, one is no coordination of the airport, that is of sufficient capacity to meet demand; one is planned for the airport, demand close to capacity, the airlines carried out voluntary plans to deploy; third category is the coordination of the airport, the need for flight volume control. Most major airports and China have reached the standard coordinate airport, its capacity has been reached or exceeded the design flow.
2009 annual report under the Capital Airport, the airport movements reached 488,495 vehicles per year, with an average total of 1338 vehicles per day, reaching 99.14% of design flow. Baiyun Airport 2009 annual report, the airport movements 308 800 2009 vehicles, the average daily total of 846 sorties, more than a total of 800 vehicles at the design flow.
above the industry who are familiar with air traffic control that the ability of these major airports are saturated schedule. In this case, the flow control is inevitable. When thunderstorms, fog and other weather affecting flight, this flow control is even more intensive. Why do not respond
expansion? The fact is that the airport does not only depend on the capacity of the expansion of ground hardware. Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, its long-term plans include five runways, if running, daily flight will reach 1685 vehicles will reach 147 vehicles per peak hour, far higher than the standard number of hours are now 48 vehicles. However, airline executives told a magazine interview that the airport expansion associated with the airport's airspace, if the airspace can not be increased, only the airport runway, terminal increases, so more aircraft can only stay in the airport waiting flow control. Secretary for the Civil Aviation Authority South ATMB
Zhang had a public forum in a speech that the Central Air Traffic Control on the impact of the Guangzhou Baiyun Airport and Shenzhen Bao'an punctuality statistical analysis of the causes, 2009, Guangzhou area for reasons related to the implementation of the airspace of the total flow control flow control 71% of the amount, because of bad weather for the flow control is 20%, 9% due to the reasons for labor load controller for traffic control. Airport traffic growth in the airspace as a constraint to the key factors.
One limitation is the mouth of the design of the corridor development far can not meet the traffic demand. The so-called corridor mouth, usually converge to a few routes, and route into the airport areas. The airline executives point out that in Beijing, for example, all current civil aircraft to fly routes from the airport, only three porch, located in Beijing Dawangzhuang south, northeast and northwest directions Gubeikou.
Internationally, most countries, civil aircraft, have not achieved the mouth of the flight corridor.
be a fixed point of landing, and flight number, a small hole in the aircraft circled to the fixed location must be landed, which easily lead to congestion, but also led to the area around the airport over the most crowded places.
As Zhang said, at present, the available airspace more than the airport runway, the flight can not meet the program design specifications, br>
restricted airspace airspace
tension has become a civil aviation industry had a positive response to the time. The.
accordance with the Airspace management, and mission needs, you can designate the air corridors, air, put the oil areas and temporary flight airspace.
responsibility can be divided according to the flight control for flight control area, flight control district, the airport flight control area. Route, the route area of the airport area and set the height of civil control zone, the low control zone, terminal (approach) the control area, the airport control tower area. In the country, the contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and adjacent high seas is also divided over the number of flight information region.
by the above criteria, and the coastal mainland China over the flight information is divided into 11 areas, with a total area of about 10.81 million square kilometers. High-altitude country designated control zones 19 and 28 in the low control zone, 25 approach control area, a terminal control area.
be noted that the above is no clear division of the difference between military and civilian. But management, but also a variety of airspace designated by the specific regional context.
in the normal route, routes and areas near the airport, civil aviation, the military also designated two air restricted danger zone of 66 air, 199 air restrictions, and a number of military training airspace. Part of the training airspace above or below the route, the height difference between the approach through the establishment of civil aviation to avoid military conflict.
the total amount of resources on the civilian airspace, has no publicly available data, but many people from the civil aviation system have pointed out, civil and military airspace resources generally As the rapid development of China's civil aviation traffic, by 2008, there were statistics that the Chinese
Zhang was a public lecture in 2009, it is mentioned near the airport, the airspace above the structural defects. He pointed out that South Council area approach control area of Guangzhou, the Pearl River Delta airport approach and departure (ie, fly and fly Airport) route and 80%, mainly concentrated in the airport flight traffic east Britain and Germany - Ping - Long - range of gantry connecting the narrow four-point airspace; in Zhuhai terminal area, airport approach and departure routes and 85% of the air traffic flow mainly in Shek Pai - straight Wai - Mission - Yellow River four-point connection narrow the scope of airspace. Airport arrival and departure procedures are needed diversion, in order to improve flight safety and smooth, but the diversion did not always need to break through the airspace, so this year is not effectively solve the structural defects.
route, the route is congested civilian airspace tension outstanding performance. Still PRD airspace, for example, the area is most busy Beijing-Guangzhou, Shanghai and Guangzhou route of the focal point, but the impact of capacity by the route, Beijing-Guangzhou, Shanghai and Guangzhou routes frequently flow control. 2010 traffic statistics show that the number of East China accounted for directional flow control flow control about 40% of the total, Beijing-Guangzhou route along the direction of flow control flow control the number of accounts about 32% of the total in 2009, Guangzhou Airport flights was 77.8% normal, due to flow control cause delays for the 32,668 classes of flights, flight delays flights about 3 times in 2004. CPPCC aviation research forum, the Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control shan, deputy chief engineer, said the route the current route of CAAC total distance of about 164,000 km, only about five years, average annual growth rate of 2.6%. The China Airlines flight on the total of 816,000 from the class of 2003 rose to 1.75 million courses in 2009, the annual increase rate of 13.5%.
the reporter who interviewed a number of civil aviation system seems tight airspace aviation industry has become a time to have a positive response.
ATC system of the storm
Airlines flight for a new high level, and only after approval by the army, always makes sense to apply to the CAA. . This depends in part on the development of China's civil aviation history, and the resulting air traffic control system evolved.
fact, the Chinese aviation industry born out of the Air Force. 30 years after the founding of the Chinese civil aviation agencies under the leadership of the military until March 5, 1980, the State Council issued a independent from the army.
Since then the Civil Aviation Authority officials, the Air Force has gradually faded colors. Statistics show that since 1980 the Civil Aviation Authority for seven terms, only the director-born Yang was an Air Force pilot, currently the Secretary Eric before entering the Air Force as deputy political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region; the remaining five Civil Aviation Authority, served as before the Civil Aviation Authority, are levels of administrative officials.
separation of military and civilian, air traffic control system is gradually put on the agenda. In 1993, the State Council established the Beijing - Guangzhou - Shenzhen route air control command by the pilot, the first step to reform; then hiking to the national routes and some flights to upgrade the busy route after route control command by the Civil Aviation , en route outside the control of aircraft by the military command, to achieve
However, until today, civil aviation authority in the empty tube is still not an equal footing with the military. Shan on June 21 aviation investigation the CPPCC National Committee held the forum that China's airspace designation on the fragmentation in the management of the Air Force as the main route in the coordination of the Israeli-led air in the procedure application, approval of military aircraft, the CAA is limited in the use of route route.
such as airline flight for a new high level, and only after approval by the army, always makes sense to apply to the CAA.
rights due to lack of airspace management, civil aviation in their daily military flights are subject to strict controls. In case of thunderstorms and other special needs around the flying weather and other matters, require the Air Force for approval. She told our reporter that the company had large aircraft flying in the implementation, due to inertia, turning a corner route beyond boundaries, and by the military warning. Shan of the world air traffic control system and found that a common practice in various countries: first, a clear national identity airspace resources, uphold mutual trust, mutual benefit, open, fair and compatible with the principles of airspace management, the establishment of a unified national airspace control system; Second, the national airspace management authority transferred to the Government by the military and formed under the national air traffic control company to provide unified air traffic control services; third is related to the military can retain control department, responsible for a specific route than route flights using the airspace command work; Fourth, establish a coordinated use of military and civilian aviation domain and analysis of assessment mechanisms, various types of military air transport flight uniform application of ICAO standards.
Currently, the United States, Britain, Brazil and Russia have completed the work of the national air traffic control system, and basically follow the above practice, only some modifications in some detail.
in the country, the scale of the existing coordination alone is not enough, the need for long-term institutional guarantee.
aviation industry veteran, told a reporter that China has 90 years in the 20th century tried to establish .
However, only six months after the establishment of the ATMB dissolved due to After the administration placed under the Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control, play a limited impact, at the national level to establish air traffic control system and the scheme failed.
within the framework of the existing air traffic control system is ongoing. Shan believes that China first and second air traffic control system, has increased in the en route air flight management decision-making power, civil aviation flight safety and sustainable development has laid a good foundation, the next step to promote air traffic control gradually establish a system can still control the shape of national unity.
competitive weakness
aviation over the next decade, according to an annual GDP growth rate of 7% -9%, civil aviation market demand growth will average between 10.5% -13.5% < br>
but in the short term, the Civil Aviation Authority of lack of apparent lack of change in the airspace and air traffic control system, the strong status quo power. From 1978 to 2009, total turnover of China's civil aviation transportation average annual growth of 17.4%, 16.1% growth in passenger traffic, cargo and mail traffic increased by 14.7%, China has become the second largest after the U.S. aviation market. Development plan in accordance with Civil Aviation Administration of China Division is expected in the next decade to maintain flexibility in national economic growth of civil aviation around 1.5%, in short, civil aviation growth will be about 1.5 times the national growth rate. In accordance with the annual GDP growth rate of 7% -9%, civil aviation market demand growth will average between 10.5% -13.5%.
In fact, in addition to
2007 年 8 15 to 27 October period and the end of October 2007 to the end of March 2008 during the Civil Aviation Authority between partial reduction of domestic flights at Beijing Capital Airport. On the other hand, under the coordination of the military and civilian, from November 22, 2007 early morning, the domestic 8400-12500 m vertical height of the flight within the narrow interval from 600 m to 300 m layer from 7 to 13 layers. 8400-12500 m airspace is a major civil aircraft altitude, which is equivalent to the air route from 7 into 13, an increase of 6.
these two measures are to a certain extent, ease air traffic congestion. By this measure the impact the fourth quarter of 2007, flight normal rate greatly increased 81.25% from the third quarter, fourth quarter increased 84.22%. According to CAA statistics, from 2005 to 2009, five years, the highest rate of flight punctuality is also in the year 2007, the annual flight punctuality rate reached 83.09 percent.
However, civil aviation must be aware that it is not in competition with ourselves.
This is not alarmist. A business travel frequently told correspondents, people who travel frequently around has been largely worked out a pattern, if HSR train or four hours to reach places, do not fly. Round trip time, plus the flight time, coupled with uncertain delays, air travel basically no advantage.
In fact, after running high-speed railway, civil aviation have felt considerable pressure. May participate in this year's Civil Aviation Development Forum, Zhang Dawei, vice governor of Henan Province, said Zheng in February this year after the opening of West Rail, between the month of flights from Zhengzhou to Xi'an, the average load factor decreased by 38.5%. March 25, subject to the impact of Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail, civil aviation passenger load factor decreased to Zhengzhou, Xi'an, all flights were grounded aircraft.
similar things in Shanghai to Wuhan, Wuhan to Guangzhou, Beijing and Taiyuan, also performed. March this year,
Liu Shaoyong explained that, according to preliminary projections, high-speed rail line in the 500 km below the air routes to be abolished; up to 800 kilometers, passengers will have on the air 20% -30% of the impact; line in between 1000-1200 km of air passengers will have 15% -20% of the impact.
can not help wondering, the Chinese civil aviation industry must be less than the airspace long strangling throat?
bare out how the Civil Aviation of China?
Wang in Beijing within two weeks of work travel by plane four times, and both delay: July 15, Beijing, Hangzhou, fly, delayed three hours due to unknown; July 18, fly to Beijing, Hangzhou , four hours late due to .
most Chinese airports are not regulars on the scene that strange, but this year, the situation is becoming particularly serious. Large area of aviation delays, punctuality rate has been even higher in his home base of Air China - Capital Airport is also frequently encounter for hours, is still difficult to take off; Civil Aviation Authority under the weight of public opinion forced open by the Deputy Secretary in an interview to explain ... ...
What is In short, the Chinese civil aviation sector to ensure the safety of air traffic control, the unit of time the number of aircraft flying controls. The name frequently appears unmistakably prompted with a fast and convenient as a selling point of the air traffic severely blocked.
This makes China the emerging air power strategy embarrassment. In the flow and capacity, the Chinese aviation industry currently ranks highest in the world, is considered one of the most promising markets. As of the end of May 2010, the whole air transport aircraft to China, 1486, in accordance with the development of demand is expected, China in 2015, the number of registered transport aircraft up to 2,600 aircraft by 2020 will rise to 4360. However, such a congestion of air traffic can not help but worry - whether China can operate safely and effectively in the future doubling of growth in air capacity?
given China's Civil Aviation Authority official punctuality rate of 80% or more for many years, which the public feel very different for flight delays, with some private institutions are also given the statistics are far apart. The reason why such a contrast, from the Civil Aviation Authority has been committed over the past decade internal potential to ease congestion: on the one hand, and tap the existing potential routes and route resources to expand route capacity; the other hand, through a series of stringent regulatory measures to try to reduce airline flight delays caused by reasons such as for passengers, although sitting in the aircraft taxiing on the runway and sat for hours waiting for the same waiting room is behind schedule, but there are night and day of the airline Do not - the former will be incorporated into statistical flight took off on schedule, the airlines do not have to worry about so will be subject to fines or cancellation of flights such punishment - difference is not closed the door shut.
but such efforts in the face of increasingly severe congestion on the verge of the limit - even in the past few years has been working hard to maintain the punctuality figures of 80% of the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority has had to admit , since the first half of this year's flight punctuality has dropped to 76.98 percent.
industry and research institutions are generally the crux of the point to the lack of civilian airspace, and lags behind the actual development of the air traffic control system. Years ago, the former Director General of Civil Aviation Yang Yuanyuan, had a letter for this purpose the State Council, said
the current so-called implementation of the command, civilian flights and foreign airlines flying direct from the implementation of civil aviation.
in the air traffic control system, China is only about 20% of the available airspace owned aviation use, 80% owned by military aircraft to use, and air routes, such as approval times also in the Air Force record. With the rapid development of aviation industry, aircraft and runway growth rate of growth has far exceeded the growth rate of civilian airspace, air rules for urgent expansion and changes in the use of airspace, but the changes facing the national level, civil-military coordination mechanism missing, difficult. Because changes too slow, even in the field of civil aviation command, until today, but also because of human intervention over the control process has been criticized, the Civil Aviation began the end of 2009 anti-corruption storm was so into the sky (see publication No. 19 cover story,
For visitors, the continued flight delay will mean the re-trip mode choice, which is increasingly large-scale roll out high-speed rail networks today, not illusory. As the Chinese University of Politics and Law Air and Space Research Center, Zhang Qi Huai said:
punctuality off Mirage
estimated by common practice, is currently China's civil aviation flight punctuality rate to 30% of the actual and official statistics differ
how China's flight delays in the end serious, the public feeling is not consistent with official statistics.
the one hand, due to flight delays caused by growing number of conflicts, there are staff members were China Eastern Airlines hit, with Sichuan Airlines to service personnel pushed down the stairs, kneel down with Hainan Airlines account manager, and employees were Dalian Branch China Southern hit and seriously injured. On the other hand, the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority responsible for the management of flight delays Xia Xinghua, deputy director of the Civil Aviation Authority, Aug. 7 on the delays to accept the Xinhua news agency said, even if the flight delays this year, an increase in the overall punctuality rate for China flights Habitat International forefront. The data provided show that China's civil aviation flights over the past five years, higher than normal rate of 80%, also reached 76.98 percent in the first half of this year.
15 minutes early or delayed, as a punctual departure time.
under the provisions of the Civil Aviation Authority of China, the flight time to close the door, plus launch and glide flight time, is the aircraft departure time. In other words, as long as the required flight time plus the closing door within the time prescribed taxiing to take off, even took off on schedule, and vice versa even if delayed. Among them, close the doors of time that flight coupon ticket, passengers listed on the associated Such as Beijing Capital Airport's taxi takes 30 minutes to Shenzhen Airport is 25 minutes, Chengdu and Kunming Airport is 20 minutes. Xia Xinghua News Agency in an interview in response to the Civil Aviation Authority also confirmed that indeed the side to shut the door time, flight as the normal rate of assessment criteria.
who has worked at United Airlines told the aviation industry magazine interview that the time to shut the door assessment Airlines, the airline is relatively fair, not excluding the time for passenger boarding and other causes of delay. But in foreign countries, even with the door off the normal rate of flight time evaluation, the aircraft at the airport waiting time is usually no more than 30 minutes.
the industry sources, estimated according to common practice, the current flight punctuality rate even as low as 30%, and official statistics differ. As the departure time to determine with some degree of flexibility, there is human intervention factors, the statistical reference CAA discount, technically difficult and precise, such as statistics can not rate the level of a point in time delay. United Airlines
office said that developed countries like the United States, the These statistical data through the market mechanism in detail to the circumstances of each airline, and are public information, according to airline passengers punctuality, freedom of choice take an airline flight.
can understand that, due to airline punctuality evaluation object points, the delay in the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority's governance initiatives, the airlines bear the brunt.
2009 年 7 月 至 2009 年 12 months, the rate of flight delays occur year on year decline for six consecutive months,Discount UGG boots, the Chinese Civil Aviation Authority in the January 28, 2010 teleconference was held to mobilize the whole industry will be presented from 2 10 February until 31 December, will be in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou four airports in three cities, focusing on security in the entire industry to carry out large-scale flight normal and emergency flight delays special work for the airlines which The penalty moves the most attention.
requirements under the Civil Aviation Authority, the Regional Administration published a regulation every 15 days delay in the airport departure flight information, flight punctuality rate of 20, after ranking, and the normal rate of 50% of the flights domestic flights within the following warning communications; the two airlines are warning their own reasons of flights per month, will next month to cancel the season of the flight of the aircraft to recover the moment. Four hours or more flight delays due to airline services, aircraft allocation reasons and their own group events triggered, causing significant social impact, and to cancel the flight time of the flight season, and the next flight is no longer accepting applications for Season flight schedule. The reason for the cancellation of the flight time, airlines were punished during the quarter in the flight route may not reapply for the same flights.
punished very severely. Once lost a quarter of airline flight times, loss of tens of millions of yuan. Therefore, even if the airlines can not raise short-term capacity, but also try to reduce delays, even at the One of the three major state-owned airlines in China Southern Airlines, to ensure flight punctuality, to take 5 minutes or 10 minutes earlier off the door of the measures. Airlines believe that all the resulting increased costs are offset lost but the loss of routes and flight schedules. But the measures have been implemented for several months, the effect is not obvious. According to CAA statistics, the first five months of 2010, airline flight delays caused by factors that accounted for 42.87% on average, lower than in 2009, about 0.7 percentage points, but regular flights during the first half of 2010 was only 76.89%, but decreased 5 percentage points. The airline shut the door to meet the standards of punctuality efforts taken, but more emphasis on passenger discomfort, increased passenger dissatisfaction with the delay of the aircraft.
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a state-owned airline insiders pointed out to the correspondents, the CAA does not prescribe the right medicine for these measures, in fact, many should not be the responsibility of the airlines attribute the airline.
One of the executives worked for many years in the airline told the correspondents, the rental cost of a plane about a month -40 30 million U.S. dollars, the average rental cost per day in more than 70,000 yuan. Airlines under the premise that security is guaranteed, both turnover rate of increase in air power, do not want to delay Konghao.
In addition, the aircraft taxiing on the runway hourly fuel consumption, more than in the sky to the same amount of time spent on fuel, such as flight delays, the airport must pay the corresponding taxes, pay the catering and other costs, and deployment of crew members. Worked at a large state-owned airline, a pilot told correspondents, pilots at two classes count, time on duty 14 hours a day,UGG bailey button, three classes are 16 hours. If you stay too long because the ground than on duty time, crew members must be replaced to ensure flight safety.
executives said the airline, a small airline flight delays each year's budget is made up to four million. Loss data on the industry level are rare, however, May 14, 2009, Yang Guoqing, deputy director of Civil Aviation of China Civil Aviation Development Forum taking part in that, for each flight air flight and ground to reduce the average waiting time of 3 minutes , this year is expected to reduce the waste of time 20 million hours of savings 4.5 billion. This is another example of airline flight delays due to the cost of losses.
airlines should not be completely exempt nature, a considerable part of the flight delay was deferred from the previous result in flight delays.
With the rapid development of the aviation industry, airlines scale expansion and capacity shortages, has become a prominent contradictions. However, the number of aircraft and the introduction of limited number of pilots, pilot training a mature period of five years to eight years in the short term is difficult to enhance the capacity problem. Civil Aviation Authority released data show that in 2009, China's civil aviation passenger traffic amounted to 230 million passengers, an increase of 19.7%, but the aircraft movements for the 4.841 million vehicles, an increase of 14.52%. In short, the flights increased, but the plane is not enough.
8 23, to solve the problem of delayed flights intensified, Eric Civil Aviation Authority told Xinhua in an interview that further require airlines to set aside 2% of total capacity as a backup capacity to ensure Flight delays can have the capacity to follow up after the remedial measures. The private airline executives said on the powerful large-scale state-owned airlines to words, the previous flight delays due to other reasons, the use of equipment machine can still operate to reduce delays,cheap UGG boots, but for small airlines, this will be more unbearable cost pressures.
even powerful as Air China, has placed an impossible place prepared for each machine.
worked for United Airlines told correspondents the foregoing, even in highly market-oriented United States, airlines have rarely put a spare aircraft, specifically, because the cost Computing
the parties, some small airlines, to ensure the normal rate of flight, the former continued flight delays, will own expense to help the next flight passenger ticket endorsed to other airlines. Eric also suggested that density in the flight on the route, especially in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou routes between hub airports, airlines, flight delays are expected as more than 4 hours, to cancel in time to avoid the long wait for passengers to facilitate passengers in time signed to other flights.
but at home, this rarely happens, one of the important reasons is that the utilization time of flight routes and times with the approval of hooks, making the airline flights were delayed penalty rather, do not want to cancel flights due to making routes and times to be canceled.
in Hong Kong, the local Civil Aviation Department Air Traffic Management Division Chief Air Traffic Control Officer LI Kwok-chu of the correspondents, said: delays, and very few flight delays in foreign countries.
air traffic congestion flow control, similar to the ground on the Chang'an Avenue in the the other side is the Civil Aviation Authority of its reasons for the delay of civil aviation statistics, and another mystery.
Although Xia Xinghua delay in the first half of the interview will air mainly due to , due to
time dating back to the past four years if the Reporter under the Civil Aviation Authority found that an open data processing, flow control due to the absolute number of flight delays caused, from 4,000 vehicles per month in 2006, about 8,000 vehicles per year to about.
in the civil statistics, Friends of the private sector network to fly a medium-sized airline based in the South as an example to do a survey, showing: June 2010, the causes of airline delays, the former accounted for 43% of flight delays continued; departure and destination airport traffic to airport traffic control accounted for 35% of the total, accounting for 5% of the weather, and other causes accounted for 17%. Friends of a fly for statistical network executives told the reporter, the former continued the reasons for flight delays statistics,
according to Xia Xinghua News Agency interview on flow
It is not difficult to understand, the civil aviation industry has always been top priority to safety, in order to ensure flight safety, in the risk zone restricted areas such as airspace and air range and flight distance between aircraft, are clearly stated.
A source close to the CAA's decision-making told correspondents this year in addition to the weather causes traffic control, the East China Sea, Yellow Sea and other waters more military activities, the Air Force airspace occupied by a corresponding increase in resources is mainly due to the increase in flow control .
popular understanding, a flight to fly from A to B, it has to go through the space, at least off the airport tarmac, runway, the airport over the porch, routes on the route, landing airfield The porch on the runway, apron. In any part of the
can be said that in addition to safety reasons, traffic control itself is designed to ensure smooth air traffic. Which to some extent, depends on the implementation of the control of air traffic control sector efficiency. Office of Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control
Liu Wendi told correspondents, members of the current air traffic control operations at full capacity most of the working pressure is beyond imagination, lots of seventeen and eighteen of the controller has been bald . He said the Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control route optimization is an ongoing one, hoping that by reducing the air traffic control coordination links, air traffic control to reduce stress, improve the efficiency of air traffic control to reduce flight delays.
to Beijing to Guangzhou route, the original implementation of the regional control, left Beijing for regional aircraft, the controller should control power to the relevant regional controllers Zhengzhou, Henan, and then turn to the Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, regional controller. At present, efforts are being made, it is the implementation of a large area control, area control directly from a member of Beijing to Guangzhou,UGGs, the regional controller controls the transfer of power. Reduce intermediate links, while reducing the pressure controller, so that increased flexibility of the flight.
but in practice, a representation of large state-owned airline pilot told correspondents, subject to air traffic control equipment, members of the backward and the overall quality of the efficiency of air traffic control in China is still low. For example, he said, the same position at the airport, the U.S. has three busy airports, the radar much, while China's current situation, most just a radar, not a plane from multiple angles. The ATC staff a lot of pressure, many controllers is not enough knowledge in the field of aviation, the lack of professional knowledge, influence the efficiency of air traffic control.
but more importantly, similar to the ground transportation not make it into the sky to be delineated.
airport: key factor in the growth
from the flight terminal - the airport's ability to view, .
Currently, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) rules of the airport into three categories, one is no coordination of the airport, that is of sufficient capacity to meet demand; one is planned for the airport, demand close to capacity, the airlines carried out voluntary plans to deploy; third category is the coordination of the airport, the need for flight volume control. Most major airports and China have reached the standard coordinate airport, its capacity has been reached or exceeded the design flow.
2009 annual report under the Capital Airport, the airport movements reached 488,495 vehicles per year, with an average total of 1338 vehicles per day, reaching 99.14% of design flow. Baiyun Airport 2009 annual report, the airport movements 308 800 2009 vehicles, the average daily total of 846 sorties, more than a total of 800 vehicles at the design flow.
above the industry who are familiar with air traffic control that the ability of these major airports are saturated schedule. In this case, the flow control is inevitable. When thunderstorms, fog and other weather affecting flight, this flow control is even more intensive. Why do not respond
expansion? The fact is that the airport does not only depend on the capacity of the expansion of ground hardware. Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, its long-term plans include five runways, if running, daily flight will reach 1685 vehicles will reach 147 vehicles per peak hour, far higher than the standard number of hours are now 48 vehicles. However, airline executives told a magazine interview that the airport expansion associated with the airport's airspace, if the airspace can not be increased, only the airport runway, terminal increases, so more aircraft can only stay in the airport waiting flow control. Secretary for the Civil Aviation Authority South ATMB
Zhang had a public forum in a speech that the Central Air Traffic Control on the impact of the Guangzhou Baiyun Airport and Shenzhen Bao'an punctuality statistical analysis of the causes, 2009, Guangzhou area for reasons related to the implementation of the airspace of the total flow control flow control 71% of the amount, because of bad weather for the flow control is 20%, 9% due to the reasons for labor load controller for traffic control. Airport traffic growth in the airspace as a constraint to the key factors.
One limitation is the mouth of the design of the corridor development far can not meet the traffic demand. The so-called corridor mouth, usually converge to a few routes, and route into the airport areas. The airline executives point out that in Beijing, for example, all current civil aircraft to fly routes from the airport, only three porch, located in Beijing Dawangzhuang south, northeast and northwest directions Gubeikou.
Internationally, most countries, civil aircraft, have not achieved the mouth of the flight corridor.
be a fixed point of landing, and flight number, a small hole in the aircraft circled to the fixed location must be landed, which easily lead to congestion, but also led to the area around the airport over the most crowded places.
As Zhang said, at present, the available airspace more than the airport runway, the flight can not meet the program design specifications, br>
restricted airspace airspace
tension has become a civil aviation industry had a positive response to the time. The.
accordance with the Airspace management, and mission needs, you can designate the air corridors, air, put the oil areas and temporary flight airspace.
responsibility can be divided according to the flight control for flight control area, flight control district, the airport flight control area. Route, the route area of the airport area and set the height of civil control zone, the low control zone, terminal (approach) the control area, the airport control tower area. In the country, the contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and adjacent high seas is also divided over the number of flight information region.
by the above criteria, and the coastal mainland China over the flight information is divided into 11 areas, with a total area of about 10.81 million square kilometers. High-altitude country designated control zones 19 and 28 in the low control zone, 25 approach control area, a terminal control area.
be noted that the above is no clear division of the difference between military and civilian. But management, but also a variety of airspace designated by the specific regional context.
in the normal route, routes and areas near the airport, civil aviation, the military also designated two air restricted danger zone of 66 air, 199 air restrictions, and a number of military training airspace. Part of the training airspace above or below the route, the height difference between the approach through the establishment of civil aviation to avoid military conflict.
the total amount of resources on the civilian airspace, has no publicly available data, but many people from the civil aviation system have pointed out, civil and military airspace resources generally As the rapid development of China's civil aviation traffic, by 2008, there were statistics that the Chinese
Zhang was a public lecture in 2009, it is mentioned near the airport, the airspace above the structural defects. He pointed out that South Council area approach control area of Guangzhou, the Pearl River Delta airport approach and departure (ie, fly and fly Airport) route and 80%, mainly concentrated in the airport flight traffic east Britain and Germany - Ping - Long - range of gantry connecting the narrow four-point airspace; in Zhuhai terminal area, airport approach and departure routes and 85% of the air traffic flow mainly in Shek Pai - straight Wai - Mission - Yellow River four-point connection narrow the scope of airspace. Airport arrival and departure procedures are needed diversion, in order to improve flight safety and smooth, but the diversion did not always need to break through the airspace, so this year is not effectively solve the structural defects.
route, the route is congested civilian airspace tension outstanding performance. Still PRD airspace, for example, the area is most busy Beijing-Guangzhou, Shanghai and Guangzhou route of the focal point, but the impact of capacity by the route, Beijing-Guangzhou, Shanghai and Guangzhou routes frequently flow control. 2010 traffic statistics show that the number of East China accounted for directional flow control flow control about 40% of the total, Beijing-Guangzhou route along the direction of flow control flow control the number of accounts about 32% of the total in 2009, Guangzhou Airport flights was 77.8% normal, due to flow control cause delays for the 32,668 classes of flights, flight delays flights about 3 times in 2004. CPPCC aviation research forum, the Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control shan, deputy chief engineer, said the route the current route of CAAC total distance of about 164,000 km, only about five years, average annual growth rate of 2.6%. The China Airlines flight on the total of 816,000 from the class of 2003 rose to 1.75 million courses in 2009, the annual increase rate of 13.5%.
the reporter who interviewed a number of civil aviation system seems tight airspace aviation industry has become a time to have a positive response.
ATC system of the storm
Airlines flight for a new high level, and only after approval by the army, always makes sense to apply to the CAA. . This depends in part on the development of China's civil aviation history, and the resulting air traffic control system evolved.
fact, the Chinese aviation industry born out of the Air Force. 30 years after the founding of the Chinese civil aviation agencies under the leadership of the military until March 5, 1980, the State Council issued a independent from the army.
Since then the Civil Aviation Authority officials, the Air Force has gradually faded colors. Statistics show that since 1980 the Civil Aviation Authority for seven terms, only the director-born Yang was an Air Force pilot, currently the Secretary Eric before entering the Air Force as deputy political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region; the remaining five Civil Aviation Authority, served as before the Civil Aviation Authority, are levels of administrative officials.
separation of military and civilian, air traffic control system is gradually put on the agenda. In 1993, the State Council established the Beijing - Guangzhou - Shenzhen route air control command by the pilot, the first step to reform; then hiking to the national routes and some flights to upgrade the busy route after route control command by the Civil Aviation , en route outside the control of aircraft by the military command, to achieve
However, until today, civil aviation authority in the empty tube is still not an equal footing with the military. Shan on June 21 aviation investigation the CPPCC National Committee held the forum that China's airspace designation on the fragmentation in the management of the Air Force as the main route in the coordination of the Israeli-led air in the procedure application, approval of military aircraft, the CAA is limited in the use of route route.
such as airline flight for a new high level, and only after approval by the army, always makes sense to apply to the CAA.
rights due to lack of airspace management, civil aviation in their daily military flights are subject to strict controls. In case of thunderstorms and other special needs around the flying weather and other matters, require the Air Force for approval. She told our reporter that the company had large aircraft flying in the implementation, due to inertia, turning a corner route beyond boundaries, and by the military warning. Shan of the world air traffic control system and found that a common practice in various countries: first, a clear national identity airspace resources, uphold mutual trust, mutual benefit, open, fair and compatible with the principles of airspace management, the establishment of a unified national airspace control system; Second, the national airspace management authority transferred to the Government by the military and formed under the national air traffic control company to provide unified air traffic control services; third is related to the military can retain control department, responsible for a specific route than route flights using the airspace command work; Fourth, establish a coordinated use of military and civilian aviation domain and analysis of assessment mechanisms, various types of military air transport flight uniform application of ICAO standards.
Currently, the United States, Britain, Brazil and Russia have completed the work of the national air traffic control system, and basically follow the above practice, only some modifications in some detail.
in the country, the scale of the existing coordination alone is not enough, the need for long-term institutional guarantee.
aviation industry veteran, told a reporter that China has 90 years in the 20th century tried to establish .
However, only six months after the establishment of the ATMB dissolved due to After the administration placed under the Civil Aviation Air Traffic Control, play a limited impact, at the national level to establish air traffic control system and the scheme failed.
within the framework of the existing air traffic control system is ongoing. Shan believes that China first and second air traffic control system, has increased in the en route air flight management decision-making power, civil aviation flight safety and sustainable development has laid a good foundation, the next step to promote air traffic control gradually establish a system can still control the shape of national unity.
competitive weakness
aviation over the next decade, according to an annual GDP growth rate of 7% -9%, civil aviation market demand growth will average between 10.5% -13.5% < br>
but in the short term, the Civil Aviation Authority of lack of apparent lack of change in the airspace and air traffic control system, the strong status quo power. From 1978 to 2009, total turnover of China's civil aviation transportation average annual growth of 17.4%, 16.1% growth in passenger traffic, cargo and mail traffic increased by 14.7%, China has become the second largest after the U.S. aviation market. Development plan in accordance with Civil Aviation Administration of China Division is expected in the next decade to maintain flexibility in national economic growth of civil aviation around 1.5%, in short, civil aviation growth will be about 1.5 times the national growth rate. In accordance with the annual GDP growth rate of 7% -9%, civil aviation market demand growth will average between 10.5% -13.5%.
In fact, in addition to
2007 年 8 15 to 27 October period and the end of October 2007 to the end of March 2008 during the Civil Aviation Authority between partial reduction of domestic flights at Beijing Capital Airport. On the other hand, under the coordination of the military and civilian, from November 22, 2007 early morning, the domestic 8400-12500 m vertical height of the flight within the narrow interval from 600 m to 300 m layer from 7 to 13 layers. 8400-12500 m airspace is a major civil aircraft altitude, which is equivalent to the air route from 7 into 13, an increase of 6.
these two measures are to a certain extent, ease air traffic congestion. By this measure the impact the fourth quarter of 2007, flight normal rate greatly increased 81.25% from the third quarter, fourth quarter increased 84.22%. According to CAA statistics, from 2005 to 2009, five years, the highest rate of flight punctuality is also in the year 2007, the annual flight punctuality rate reached 83.09 percent.
However, civil aviation must be aware that it is not in competition with ourselves.
This is not alarmist. A business travel frequently told correspondents, people who travel frequently around has been largely worked out a pattern, if HSR train or four hours to reach places, do not fly. Round trip time, plus the flight time, coupled with uncertain delays, air travel basically no advantage.
In fact, after running high-speed railway, civil aviation have felt considerable pressure. May participate in this year's Civil Aviation Development Forum, Zhang Dawei, vice governor of Henan Province, said Zheng in February this year after the opening of West Rail, between the month of flights from Zhengzhou to Xi'an, the average load factor decreased by 38.5%. March 25, subject to the impact of Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed rail, civil aviation passenger load factor decreased to Zhengzhou, Xi'an, all flights were grounded aircraft.
similar things in Shanghai to Wuhan, Wuhan to Guangzhou, Beijing and Taiyuan, also performed. March this year,
Liu Shaoyong explained that, according to preliminary projections, high-speed rail line in the 500 km below the air routes to be abolished; up to 800 kilometers, passengers will have on the air 20% -30% of the impact; line in between 1000-1200 km of air passengers will have 15% -20% of the impact.
can not help wondering, the Chinese civil aviation industry must be less than the airspace long strangling throat?
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